Studied by 17 peoplepitch
wavelength,frequency
dynamics
wave height,amplitude
articulation
envelope,consists of attack,decay,sustain, release
timbre
the color of a sound,waveform
duration
the length of time sound and silence last
alto clef
3, a clef that puts middle C on the third line of a staff
tenor clef
A C-clef positioned on a staff so that the fourth line from the bottom indicates middle C (C4)
grand staff
Two staves, one in the treble clef and one in the bass clef, connected by a curly brace; typically found in piano music.
neutral clef
A clef used only for rhythm or for pitchless/untunable instruments
which octave is middle C?
C4
ledger lines
short lines above or below the staff representing a continuation of the staff
accidental
a musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature
measure
the unit of space between the bar lines
chromatic
based on a scale consisting of 12 semitones
enharmonic
Same in pitch but different names
cautionary accidental
An accidental which is placed in parenthesis indication the note has the same accidental in a different octave
dot
used to extend the value of a single note by one-half of its original value
double dot
lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot
tie
combines the durational values of two or more notes of the same pitch using a curved line
duration
length of time sound (or silence) occurs
beat
a regular, recurring pulsation that divides music into units of time
meter
the organization of beats in regular groups of two, three, and four (usually with strong and weak beats) and how the beat is subdivided
subdivision
the division of the beat into two or three equal parts
rhythm
series of durations, often varying, of sound and silence
tempo
the speed of the beat
duple
two beats per measure
triple
three beats per measure
quadruple
four beats per measure
meter signature (time signature)
establishes the meter and the grouping of the subdivisions within the beat
simple meter
the beat being divided equally into two parts
compound meter
the beat being divided equally into three parts
common time
frequently used to represent 4/4
alla breve
cut time is a substitute for 2/2
compound duple
a time signature of 6/16, 6/8, or 6/4
compound triple
a time signature of 9/16, 9/8, or 9/4
compound quadruple
a time signature of 12/16, 12/8, or 12/4
simple duple
a time signature of 2/8, 2/4, or 2/2
simple triple
a time signature of 3/16, 3/8, 3/4, 3/2
simple quadruple
a time signature of 4/16, 4/8, 4/4, or 4/2
asymmetrical
refers to meters that have beat units of unequal length
triplet
divides a regular duration into three in simple meter
duplet or tuplet
divides a regular duration into two in compound meter
anacrusis
pick-up notes
melodic anacrusis
very often is "So" leading to "Do" on the downbeat
syncopations
rhythmic displacements of the expected strong beats created by dots, rests, ties, accent marks, and dynamics
ragtime
a type of music popular during the turn of the twentieth century that features syncopation
hemiola
a special type of syncopation in triple meters, in which the beat is temporarily regrouped into twos
scale
an ordered collection of pitches in whole- and half-step patterns
etymology of "scale"
latin scalae; stairs, or ladder
chromatic scale
a symmetrical scale with all pitches spaced a half step apart
when writing an ascending chromatic....
use sharps
when writing a descending chromatic....
use flats
major scale pattern
w, w, h, w, w, w, h
tetrachord
Series of four notes having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
major tetrachord
having a pattern of whole step, whole step, half step
key
a specific set of pitches based on a pattern of whole and half steps that define tonality
tonality
the principal of organizing a composition around a key note, or tonic
tonic
a key note, not necessarily the key
modality
the category of mode that a key falls into (major, minor, or other)
key signature
shows which pitches are to be sharp or flat consistently throughout the piece, helps determine tonal center
order of sharps
Fat Cows Go Down After Eating Breakfast
order of flats
Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father
exception to the down-up rule is....
when the sharp would land on a ledger line
the three forms of the minor scale
natural, harmonic, melodic
relative
major and minor scales that have the same pitches/key signature
minor pentachord
All three forms of minor(natural,harmonic,and melodic) begin with the same first five notes
parallel
major and minor keys with different key signatures but the same tonic
harmonic minor
the 7th scale degree is raised both ascending and descending,but leaves the other notes the same as natural minor so that the 7th scale degree once again leads to tonic.
melodic minor
start with the minor pentachord, then raise both the 6th and the 7th scale degrees when the melody is ascending. the descending melodic minor scale reverts back to the natural form.
scalar variance
the use of all three forms of minor in the same piece
the signals of a minor mode
the occurrence of sharps (or naturals) in a flat key
scale degree
each step of the scale, usually use scale degree number, name,and solfege syllable to identify scale members.
scale degree name
tonic
supertonic
mediant
subdominant
dominant
submediant
leading tone (ti) / subtonic (te)
scale degree number
1,2,3,4,5,6,7, with a caret above the number
tonic
1, the tone on which the scale is built
supertonic
2, above the tonic
Mediant
3, halfway between tonic and dominant
Subdominant
4, a fifth below the tonic, or the lower dominant
Dominant
5, dominating the tonality. it is a perfect fifth above tonic
Submediant
6, in-between the lower dominant (subdominant) and the tonic
Leading tone
leads upward toward resolution to the tonic
subtonic
the 7th scale degree in natural minor, meaning a whole step below tonic, the term leading tone is not used in natural minor.
the strongest most stable pitch
tonic
active tones
have the most musical energy to resolve
examples of active tones
Fa, La, Ti
most active tone, and what it resolves to
Ti, Do
second most active tone, and what it resolves to
Fa, Mi
third most active tone, and what it resolves to
La, So
fourth most active tone, and what it resolves to
Re, Do
resolution tones
what the most active tones move to
examples of resolution tones
Do, Mi, So
pentatonic scales
scales that has five tones (not including octave)
number of tones in a whole tone scale
7 tones (including octave)
heptatonic scales
scales that have seven tones (not including octave)
how many tones do diminished scales have?
eight tones (not including octave)
composition of a diminished scale
alternating whole and half steps
number of tones in a blues scale
six tones (not including octave)
composition of a blues scale (tone numbers)
1-b3-4-b5-5-b7-1
what are the flatted notes called in a blues scale?
the "blue" ones
mode is a synonym for...
scale
Note 
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