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17 Terms
1
Spinal Cord
A cylindrical structure that extends from the brainstem and runs down the vertebral column, responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
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2
Dura mater
The tough, outer layer of the spinal meninges that protects the spinal cord and contains the epidural space.
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3
Arachnoid mater
The middle layer of the spinal meninges, situated between the dura mater and pia mater, containing the subarachnoid space filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
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4
Pia mater
The delicate, inner layer of the spinal meninges that closely adheres to the surface of the spinal cord.
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5
Gray matter
The region of the spinal cord that contains neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated axons, organized into horns.
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6
White matter
The area of the spinal cord that contains myelinated axons, organized into columns (funiculi) and responsible for transmitting information.
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7
Central canal
A fluid-filled space in the center of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid.
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8
Spinal nerves
31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord, carrying sensory and motor information to and from the body.
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9
Dermatome
An area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve root, often used in clinical examinations.
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10
Cervical plexus
A network of nerves in the neck, responsible for supplying muscles and skin in that area.
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11
Brachial plexus
A network of nerves that innervates the shoulder, arm, and hand, derived from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1.
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12
Lumbar plexus
A network of nerves that provides innervation to the lower back and parts of the lower limbs, formed mainly from L1-L4 spinal nerves.
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13
Sacral plexus
A network of nerves that supplies the pelvis and lower limbs, formed from L4-S4 spinal nerves.
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14
Decussation
The crossing of nerve fibers from one side of the nervous system to the other, commonly observed in many neural tracts.
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15
Paraplegia
Paralysis of both lower limbs due to lesions affecting spinal cord segments T1 to L1.
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16
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs due to lesions affecting spinal cord segments above C5, often requiring ventilatory support.
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17
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body, commonly caused by strokes or lesions in the brain.
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