Making clove oil by Steam Distillation & Isolation of Clove Oil

CALCULATIONS

What is an emulsion?

Oil droplets in water

Name a suitable organic solvent for use in the liquid-liquid extraction of clove oil

Cyclohexane

Other than wearing eye-protection, gloves and a laboratory coat, and tying back long hair, state one safety precaution that should be taken when using a separating funnel

Work in fume-cupboard / use breathing mask / avoid flame / release pressure build-up / opening stopper regularly / invert when opening tap / keep stopper in place while shaking / avoid pointing nozzle at anyone when releasing pressure

How is the clove oil isolated following the liquid-liquid extraction?

Evaporate solvent / boil off solvent / heat to remove solvent / distil

The diagram shows a steam distillation apparatus assembled incorrectly by a student.

Identify the flaw in the assembly and state how it should have been rectified

End of safety tube above (not under) water surface in flask / no steam trap / no gauze

Have end of tube under water in flask / put in steam trap / use gauze

What natural product did you extract in the school laboratory using steam distillation?

Clove oil

What was the appearance of the material collected during the steam distillation?

Cloudy / milky / creamy / emulsion

What substance distilled across along with the natural product?

Water (H₂O, steam)

Identify one feature of the apparatus drawn. Explain how this feature contributes to the safe use of the apparatus

What is meant by the term immiscible liquids?

Liquids that do not mix / do not dissolve in each other

Name a substance you isolated by steam distillation in the school laboratory and the plant material from which it was extracted

Clove oil (eugenol) // cloves

Explain the function of the tube labelled X

Release of pressure / prevents build up of steam / avoids explosion

Name or briefly describe a technique that could be used separate the organic substance from the water

Solvent extraction /shake with suitable solvent (cyclohexane)

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus set up used for the steam distillation of clove oil in the school laboratory