Kinesiology Exam #1 (IWU Dr. Cook)

Mid-sternal line

Runs vertically down the surface of the body passing through the middle of the sternum

mid-axillary line (ant. and post.)

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

mid-clavicular line

the line through the center of each clavicle

mid-inguinal point

A point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

scapula line

a line running vertically down the posterior surface of the body passing through the inferior angle of the scapula

Inferior (infra-), Caudal

toward the feet

Superior (supra) (Cephalic)

above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic

distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

lateral

away from the midline

medial

toward the midline

median line

middle line

anterior (ventral)

front

posterior (dorsal)

back

contralateral

opposite side of body

Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

bilateral

both sides of body

Volar (palmar)

palm of hand

volar (plantar)

sole of foot

dorsal

back side

fibular

lateral part of leg

tibial

Medial aspect of the leg

deep

beneath or below the surface

superficial

surface

prone

lying face down

supine

lying face up

dexter

right side

sinister

left side

ulnar

pertaining to the ulna

radial

pertaining to the radius

rostral

towards the head

anteversion

Abnormal or excessive rotation forward of a structure, such as femoral anteversion

retroversion

Abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

kyphosis

increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane

Lordosis

increased curving of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

recurvatum

Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

valgus

Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees

varus

Inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in bowlegs

cephalic

head

cranial

skull

facial

face

cervical

neck

thoracic

thorax

abdominal

abdomen

pelvic

pelvis

nasal

nose

otic

ear

oral

mouth

clavicular

clavicle

acromial

point of shoulder

axillary

armpit

mammary

breast

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

digital

finger

femoral

thigh

patellar

kneecap

anterior crural

leg

talus

ankle

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

navel

umbilical

inguinal

groin

coxal

hip

occipital

base of skull

nuchal

posterior neck

olecranon

point of elbow

lumbar

lower back

gluteal

buttock

Popliteal

back of knee

sural

calf

plantar

sole

Synarthrodial

no movement joint

amphiarthrodial

slight movement joint

diarthrodial

freely movable joint

fibrous structure of joints

fiber, connective tissue holds the joint together

cartilaginous structure of joints

cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage pad)

synovial structure of joints

synovial fluid in jt capsule

Arthrodial (Gliding) joints

shape: flat, ex: carpals, tarsals, vertebra (facets), planes of motion: all three planes

condyloidial joint

shape: oval-shaped, rounded but not quite a sphere, ex: radoiocarpal, metacarpal phalangeal, planes of motion: 2 planes; flexion/ext. and side to side

enarthrodial joint

shape: ball and socket, ex: shoulder and hip, planes of motion: all three

ginglymus (hinge) joint

shape: rod/hinge, example: elbow, knee, interphalengeal, talocrural, planes of motion: 1 plane; flexion/extension

Seller (saddle) joint

shape: two C's, example: 1st metacarpal, sternoclavicular (sometimes), planes of motion: all three planes

trochoid (pivot) joint

shape: curvature around a fixed point, ex: atlantoaxial, radioulnar, planes of motion: 1 plane, just rotation

3 cardinal planes

sagittal, frontal, transverse

sagittal plane

anteroposterior plane, front to back

frontal plane

Coronal or lateral plane, side to side

transverse plane

axial or horizontal plane, horizontal movement or rotation

frontal axis of rotation

sagittal plane

sagittal axis of rotation

frontal plane

vertical axis of rotation

transverse plane

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint