6 Membrane Dynamics

Receptor mediated endocytosis

________ is specific, whereas phagocytosis and pinocytosis are nonspecific.

Saturation

________ is a phenomenon related to active transport and facilitated diffusion.

Aquaporins

________ are non- gated channels that allow water to diffuse through a cell membrane.

Receptors

________ in the plasma membrane are embedded within the membrane.

sodium potassium pump

A(n) ________ is made of protein and requires genetic materials information in order to be synthesized.

Exocytosis

________ expels the contents of secretory vesicles from a cell.

Pinocytosis

________ is an active process that is commonly referred to as "cell drinking ..

nonspecific endocytosis

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are examples of

Glucose

________ is classified as a permeating solute, but sodium and chloride are not.

out of

Osmotic pressure increases within a cell if there is a net movement of water _____ the cell.

out of

A(n)calcium pump is a transmembrane protein that actively transports Ca2+ ions ________ a cell.

Clathrin

________ is a protein associated with RME

Chloride ions

________ do not normally diffuse out of a cell.

diffuse

Na K pumps do not allow 3 Na+ ions to ____ out of the cell.

carrier

A(n) water soluble substance may be actively transported through a membrane- bound

diffusion carriers

Facilitated ________ do not use ATP when they transport a substance through the cell membrane.

RNA polymerase

________ does not consist of ssRNA molecules.

Bulk transport

________ relies on motor molecules to move vesicles along components of the cytoskeleton.

Carbohydrates

________ in a cell membrane are usually chains of simple sugars.

semipermeable membrane

Separating different- size particles by using a(n) ________ is called dialysis.

09 % NaCl solution

A(n) ________ has approximately the same osmotic pressure as normal blood plasma.

Cholesterol

________ helps prevent a plasma membrane from becoming brittle under lower- than- normal temperatures.

process of phagocytosis

The ________ transports larger materials than does pinocytosis.

membrane carrier

If a(n) ________ actively transports Cl- ions, it would move these ions out of the cell.

Phospholipids

________ form a major component of cell membrane and all membranous organelles.

Chloride pumps

________ are carriers that perform primary active transport.

Peripheral proteins

________ do not have contact with the plasma membranes fatty acids.

saturation point

The ________ is a phenomenon associated with how many particles can pass through a carrier in a certain time.

Osmosis

________ is the diffusion of water from a hypoosmotic to a hyperosmotic solution through a semipermeable membrane.

Ions movement

________ through a membrane can be affected by a concentration gradient and an electrochemical gradient.

Water movement

________ can be influenced by osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure.

Membrane

________ proteins bound to a cell ________ can be classified by location, function, and shape.

glycocalyx

The ________ is a coat of carbohydrate on a cells plasma membrane.

polar; ions

Hydration shells can form around neutral molecules that are ____ and around ___.

Solute particle size

________ is usually not considered to be important when calculating osmotic pressure of a solution.

280

A 5 % glucose solution has about the same concentration of diffusible water as a solution with a total osmolarity of ________ mOsm /L.

diffusion of calcium

There are no channels that normally allow ________ ions out of a cell.

ligand gated channel

When a(n) ________ opens, any material moving through the channel will do so passively.

primary active transport

In ________, a membrane carrier must be phosphorylated to function.

Cells

________ swell when their cytosol has a higher osmotic pressure than the ECF.

Mechanically gated channels

________ are the same as stretch- gated channels.

Human cells

________ do not contain approximately 280 mOsm of glucose per unit volume of cytosol.

transmembrane proteins

All ________ are integral proteins.

Osmotic pressure

________ can be defined as the pressure that will prevent diffusion of water through a membrane.

cholesterol

When the plasma membrane temperature rises, ________ prevents the membrane from becoming too fluid.

location and function

Membrane proteins can be classified according to

increases; into

Hydrostatic pressure ______ within a cell if there is a net movement of water _____ the cell.

hypertonic solutions

It is possible for some solutes to diffuse into ________.

If a membrane carrier actively transports Cl

ions, it would move these ions out of the cell

calcium

No channels normally allow diffusion of ______ ions out of a cell.

swell

Solutions with a lower number of hydration shells per unit volume than the cytosol would cause cells to

hypotonic

Solutions with a lower concentration of “bound” water molecules than human cells are ____ to human cells.

receptor mediated endocytosis

In _________, substances are not transported through a membrane carrier.

Cl-

If a membrane carrier actively transports ___ ions, it would move these ions out of the cell.

primary active transporters

Sodium-potassium pumps are

0.9%

A ___ NaCl solution has approximately the same osmotic pressure as normal blood plasm

280

There is much less than ___ mOsm of NaCl per unit of cytosol volume.

less

Since a 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic to a human cell, the human cell must contain ___ than 0.9% NaCl.

passively

When a ligand-gated channel opens, any material moving through the channel will do so

net loss

If a one-liter solution contains 280 mOsm of glucose and it also contains 280 mOsm of NaCl, then a red blood cell placed into this solution would experience a _____ of water.

isotonic

Solution M is ______ to a red blood cell and it contains both glucose and NaCl. Therefore, we can conclude that this _______ solution contains less than 5% glucose and less than 280 mOsm of salt/L.

shape; function

Proteins of voltage-gated channels can be classified according to ____ (G or F) and ______ in the acronym TRICCS.

out

Chloride pumps actively transport chloride ions ____ of the cell.

secondary active transporter

A _________________ relies on normal functioning of a primary active transporter in order to remain functional.

gated

All ______ channels allow substances to diffuse through the plasma membrane.

specific; nonspecific

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is______ , whereas phagocytosis and pinocytosis are________.

P or I

Proteins of voltage-gated channels can be classified according to location (______) and function in the acronym CCREAM.

ligand-gated

Opening a _______ channel does not require ATP; therefore, the movement of substances through this channel is passive.

true

It is possible for some solutes to diffuse into hypertonic solutions.

crenate

Surrounding solutions containing more hydration shells/unit volume than the cytosol of cells will cause the cells to

passively

Certain water-soluble substances pass through membrane channels

CCREAM

An acronym for classifying membrane proteins by function is

against; along

Secondary active transport moves one substance_______ a gradient while moving another substance ______ a gradient.

Phosphorylated

In primary active transport, a membrane carrier must be ______ to function.

against

Moving up a gradient is the same as moving _____ a gradient.

hypotonic

Unless opposed by hydrostatic pressure, there will be a net movement of water from _______ into hypertonic solutions.

dialysis

Separating different-size particles by using a semipermeable membrane is called

cytosol

Cells swell when their ________ has a higher osmotic pressure than the ECF.

hypotonic

A solution containing only glucose in a concentration of 250 mOsm /L is _____ to human cells.

2

The sodium-potassium pump needs only one ATP molecule to move ____ ions through the plasma membrane.

isotonic

- [ ] If 25 mL of 5% glucose is mixed with 45 mL of 0.9% NaCl, the new solution would initially be ______ to a human cell.

neither swell nor crenate

Betty mixes 37.6 mL of a 5% glucose solution with 54.1 mL of a 280 mOsm/L NaCl solution to yield a 91.7-mL mixed solution. If a red blood cell is placed into this solution, the cell will initially

larger

The process of phagocytosis transports ______ materials than does pinocytosis.

chemical structure

Saturation can refer to the _________ of certain fatty acids.

higher

Solutions with a _______ concentration of diffusible water molecules than the cytosol cause cells to swell.

hydrostatic gradient

Hypertonic solutions will not always experience a net gain of water from hypotonic solutions if there is a

secondary

Just because Na/K pumps transport two different ions, we do not call them ________ active transport carriers.

plasma membrane

A phagosome develops at the

swell

If 5% glucose is isotonic to a human cell, the cell will still _______ shortly after being placed into a beaker containing 5% glucose.

swell

If a human cell is surrounded by a 0.9% glucose solution, the cell will ________.

true

Bulk transport does not include osmosis or dialysis.

true

It is possible to have a net movement of water from a region of higher osmotic pressure into a region of lower osmotic pressure.

negative

The size of a diffusing particle has a______ effect on the rate at which that solute particle diffuses.

positive

The steepness of a solute’s concentration gradient would have a ______ effect on the rate of diffusion of that solute.

True

Certain water-soluble substances may be actively transported through membrane carriers.

crenate

Solution B contains only glucose and pure water and is isotonic to a red blood cell. If we add just a pinch of salt to this glucose solution, the resulting glucose-salt solution would cause the red blood cell to _______.

false

all integral membrane proteins are transmembrane proteins.

True

Not all integral membrane proteins are transmembrane proteins.

changes shape

In facilitated diffusion, a membrane carrier ________ without having to be phosphorylated by ATP.

stretch-gated channels

Mechanically-gated channels are the same as