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What is the composition of Sperm?
Spermatozoa - 50%
Seminal Fluid - 60% to 70%
Prostate Fluid - 20% to 30%
Bulbourethral Glands - 5%
What structure is in charge of spermatogenesis?
Seminiferous tubules or testes
What structure is in charge of sperm maturation?
Epididymis
What structure is in charge of propelling sperm to ejaculatory ducts?
Ductus deferens
What structure is in charge of providing nutrients for sperm and fluid?
Seminal vesicles
What structure is in charge of providing enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction
Prostate glands
What structure is in charge of adding alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity?
Bulbourethral glands
Most of the sperm are contained in the first portion of the ejaculate, making complete collection essential for accurate testing of both ___ and ____ specimens.
fertility and postvasectomy
When a part of the first portion of the ejaculate is missing, the sperm count will be _____, the pH falsely _____, and the specimen will not _____
decreased
increased
liquefy
When part of the last portion of ejaculate is missing, the semen volume is ____, the sperm count is falsely ____ the pH is falsely _____, and the specimen will not ____.
decreased
increased
decreased
clot
Maturation of spermatozoa takes place in the:
A. Sertoli cells
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Epididymis
D. Seminal vesicles
C. Epididymis
Enzymes for the coagulation and liquefaction of semen are produced by the:
A. Seminal vesicles
B. Bulbourethral glands
C. Ductus deferens
D. Prostate gland
D. Prostate gland
The major component of seminal fluid is:
A. Glucose
B. Fructose
C. Acid phosphatase
D. Citric acid
B. Fructose
If the first portion of a semen specimen is not collected, the semen analysis will have which of the following?
A. Decreased pH
B. Increased viscosity
C. Decreased sperm count
D. Decreased sperm motility
C. Decreased sperm count
Failure of laboratory personnel to document the time a semen sample is collected primarily affects the interpretation of semen:
A. Appearance
B. Volume
C. pH
D. Viscosity
D. Viscosity
Liquefaction of a semen specimen should take place within:
A. 1 hour
B. 2 hours
C. 3 hours
D. 4 hours
A. 1 hour
A semen specimen delivered to the laboratory in a condom has a normal sperm count and markedly decreased sperm motility. This indicates:
A. Decreased fructose
B. Antispermicide in the condom
C. Increased semen viscosity
D. Increased semen alkalinity
B. Antispermicide in the condom
An increased semen pH may be caused by:
A. Prostatic infection
B. Decreased prostatic secretions
C. Decreased bulbourethral gland secretions
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Proteolytic enzymes may be added to semen specimens to:
A. Increase the viscosity
B. Dilute the specimen
C. Decrease the viscosity
D. Neutralize the specimen
C. Decrease the viscosity
The normal sperm concentration is:
A. Less than 20 million/µ L
B. More than 20 million/mL
C. Less than 20 million/mL
D. More than 20 million/µ L
B. More than 20 million/mL
Given the following information, calculate the sperm concentration: dilution, 1:20; sperm counted in five RBC squares on each side of the hemocytometer, 80 and 86; volume, 3 mL.
A. 80 million/mL
B. 83 million/mL
C. 86 million/mL
D. 169 million/µ L
B. 83 million/mL
The primary reason to dilute a semen specimen before performing a sperm concentration is to:
A. Immobilize the sperm
B. Facilitate the chamber count
C. Decrease the viscosity
D. Stain the sperm
A. Immobilize the sperm
When performing a sperm concentration, 60 sperm are counted in the RBC squares on one side of the hemocytometer and 90 sperm are counted in the RBC squares on the other side. The specimen is diluted 1:20. The:
A. Specimen should be rediluted and counted
B. Sperm count is 75 million/mL
C. Sperm count is greater than 5 million/mL
D. Sperm concentration is abnormal
A. Specimen should be rediluted and counted
Sperm motility evaluations are performed:
A. Immediately after the specimen is collected
B. Within 1 hour of collection
C. After 3 hours of incubation
D. At 6-hour intervals for 1 day
B. Within 1 hour of collection
The percentage of sperm showing average motility that is considered normal is:
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 75%
B. 50%
The purpose of the acrosomal cap is to:
A. Penetrate the ovum
B. Protect the the nucleus
C. Create energy for tail movement
D. Protect the neckpiece
A. Penetrate the ovum
The sperm part containing a mitochondrial sheath is the:
A. Head
B. Neckpiece
C. Midpiece
D. Tail
C. Midpiece
All of the following are associated with sperm motility except the:
A. Head
B. Neckpiece
C. Midpiece
D. Tail
A. Head
The morphologic shape of a normal sperm head is:
A. Round
B. Tapered
C. Oval
D. Amorphous
C. Oval
Normal sperm morphology when using the WHO criteria is:
A. >30% normal forms
B. <30% normal forms
C. >15% abnormal forms
D. <15% normal forms
A. >30% normal forms
Additional parameters measured by Kruger’s strict morphology include all of the following except:
A. Vitality
B. Presence of vacuoles
C. Acrosome size
D. Tail length
A. Vitality
Round cells that are of concern and may be included in sperm counts and morphology analysis are:
A. Leukocytes
B. Spermatids
C. RBCs
D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
If 5 round cells per 100 sperm are counted in a sperm morphology smear and the sperm concentration is 30 million, the concentration of round cells is:
A. 150,000
B. 1.5 million
C. 300,000
D. 15 million
B. 1.5 million
Following an abnormal sperm motility test with a normal sperm count, what additional test might be ordered?
A. Fructose level
B. Zinc level
C. MAR test
D. Eosin-nigrosin stain
D. Eosin-nigrosin stain
Follow-up testing for a low sperm concentration would include testing for:
A. Antisperm antibodies
B. Seminal fluid fructose
C. Sperm vitality
D. Prostatic acid phosphatase
B. Seminal fluid fructose
The immunobead test for antisperm antibodies:
A. Detects the presence of male antibodies
B. Determines the presence of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies
C. Determines the location of antisperm antibodies
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Measurement of α -glucosidase is performed to detect a disorder of the:
A. Seminiferous tubules
B. Epididymis
C. Prostate gland
D. Bulbourethral glands
B. Epididymis
A specimen delivered to the laboratory with a request for prostatic acid phosphatase and glycoprotein p30 was collected to determine:
A. Prostatic infection
B. Presence of antisperm antibodies
C. A possible rape
D. Successful vasectomy
C. A possible rape
Following a negative postvasectomy wet preparation, the specimen should be:
A. Centrifuged and reexamined
B. Stained and reexamined
C. Reported as no sperm seen
D. Both A and B
A. Centrifuged and reexamined
Standardization of procedures and reference values for semen analysis is primarily provided by the:
A. Manufacturers of instrumentation
B. WHO
C. Manufacturers of control samples
D. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
B. WHO
