IUPAC Nomenclature Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the IUPAC nomenclature rules for various organic functional groups, cyclic structures, and common benzene derivatives.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The accepted method for naming organic compounds, which distinguishes its unique structure and stereochemistry.

Parent Chain

The longest continuous carbon chain in an organic compound.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with no carbon-carbon double or triple bonds, named by adding the suffix "-ane" to the parent chain.

Alkyl Substituents

Carbon chain substituents named with the same prefixes as the parent chain followed by the suffix "-yl".

Multiplicity Prefixes

The prefixes "di", "tri", "tetra", and "penta" used to designate multiple of the same substituent, which are ignored when listing substituents in alphabetical order.

Halogen Substituents

Substituents named using the prefixes "fluoro-" ($F$), "chloro-" ($Cl$), "bromo-" ($Br$), and "iodo-" ($I$).

Alkenes

Molecules containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, named with the suffix "-ene".

Alkynes

Molecules containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, named with the suffix "-yne".

Spiro Compounds

Compounds with two rings connected by a single carbon atom, named with the prefix "spiro" followed by the number of carbons in each ring (excluding the spiro center) in brackets from lowest to highest.

Bicyclic Compounds

Compounds with two or more rings linked together by two bridgehead carbons, named with the prefix "bicyclo" followed by the number of carbons in each ring (excluding bridgeheads) in brackets from highest to lowest.

Carboxylic Acids

The highest priority functional group, named with the suffix "-oic acid", where the carbonyl carbon is always designated as carbon 1.

Acid Anhydrides

Carboxylic acid derivatives named by listing the component carboxylic acids in alphabetical order (omitting the word "acid") followed by the word "anhydride".

Acid Halides

Carboxylic acid derivatives named with the suffix "-oyl halide".

Esters

Functional groups named with the suffix "-oate"; the alkyl group bonded to the ester oxygen is listed first with the suffix "-yl".

Amides

Functional groups named with the suffix "-amide", with alkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen specified by the locant "N".

Nitriles

Carboxylic acid derivatives named by adding the suffix "nitrile" after the "-e" ending of the parent chain name.

Aldehydes

Carbonyl compounds named with the suffix "-al" where the carbonyl carbon is always carbon 1, or "-carbaldehyde" when bonded to a hydrocarbon ring.

Ketones

Carbonyl compounds named with the suffix "-one" or the prefix "oxo-" if they are not the highest priority functional group.

Alcohols

Molecules with a hydroxyl substituent ($-OH$) named with the suffix "-ol" or the prefix "hydroxy-" if not the highest priority group.

Amines

Groups consisting of nitrogen with single bonds to hydrogen or carbon, named with the suffix "-amine" or the prefix "amino-".

Nitro Groups

Substituents named using the prefix "nitro-".

Ethers

Molecules with an oxygen single bonded to two carbon atoms, named using the prefix "alkoxy-".

Thiols

Sulfur analogs of alcohols ($-SH$), also called mercaptans, named with the suffix "-thiol" or the prefix "mercapto-".

Sulfides

Sulfur analogs of ethers ($RSR'$), named with the prefix "alkylthio-".

Sulfonic Acids

Groups named with the suffix "-sulfonic acid" or the prefix "sulfo-".

Toluene

The common accepted name for methylbenzene.

Phenol

The common accepted name for hydroxybenzene.

Anisole

The common accepted name for methoxybenzene.

Styrene

The common accepted name for vinylbenzene.

Aniline

The common accepted name for aminobenzene.