Vis Dis RBCs

RBC`s contain the protein_______ who's function is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from all the body tissues

Hemoglobin

What defend against bacteria, viruses, and foreign antigens

WBC`s

What are responsible for preventing blood loss from hemorrhage and exert their main effect on the blood vessel wall

Platelets

What is the cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of blood cells

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoietic tissues and organs

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Thymus

Bone marrow

Liver

RES

Hematopoiesis begins around

19th day of gestation

Hematopoiesis is stimulated by

erythropoietin (produced by the Kidney), leukopoeitin and thrombopoietin

Final natural of B cell occurs in

The bone marrow

Final maturation of T cells occurs in

Thymus

Immature RBC is

Reituclocyte

RBC production is called

Erythropoiesis

_______ is the primary regulator of erythropoiesis

Erythropoietin

RBC is a _______ with a life span of

Biconcave disc with a life span of 120 days

RBC`s main function is to

Transport hemoglobin

RBC contain

90% hemoglobin

10% water

Patient presents with osteopenia, legit follow up

CBC

Normal adult male RBC count

4.5-6.0 million

Normal adult female RBC count

4.0-5.5

Type of anemia is based on

Cell size and HgB content (color)

What values do you look at on the list to know if they have anemia

RBC

HgB

HcT

Decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) levels equals

Decrease oxygenation of the tissues (tired, less energy)

Hemoglobin transports

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the percentage of total blood volume made up of RBC

Hematocrit (HCT)

Anemia is mainly categorized by

Cell size

Different ways to describe cell size

Noromcytic

Microcytic

Macrocytic

What determines the color of the of he blood

HgB content

Ways to describe color of blood

Normochromic

Hypochromic

Hyperchromic

MCV means

Mean corpuscular volume

What indicates the size (average volume) of RBC

Mean corpuscular volume (MSV)

MCV above 100

Macrocytic

MCV below 80

Microcytic

What indicates the color of the RBC

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCH

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

What measures the average amount (weight) of total hemoglobin (Hgb/#RBC)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

MCH greater than 31

Hyperchormic (polychromatia)

MCH less than 27

Hypochromic

MCHC

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

What measures the average concentration of percentage of hemoglobin within a single RBC

MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

MCH indicates

Color of the RBC

MCHC less than 32

Hypochromic

MCHC more than 36

Hyperchromic (polychromesia)

Decreased RBC and/or Hgb and/or HcT

Anemia

Anemia is classified by

Cell size and colo

Most common anemia

Micorcytic/Hypochromic

Microcytic/hypochromic anemia

Decreased MCV and MCH/MCHC

Normocytic normochromic

Normal MCV and MCH/MCHC

Macrocytic normochromic or Hyperchromic

Increased MCV

Normal or increased MCH/MCHC

Anemia is generally due to

Decreased production

Increased breakdown

Blood loss

Anemia is classified by

RBC morphology (cell size)

Low MCV and MCH/MCHC

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Normal MCV and MCH/MCHC

Normoctyci normochromic

High MCV normal or increased MCH/MCHC

Macrocytic Hyperchromic or normochromic

Types of Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) or ARD

Thalassemia

Chronic blood loss (which is really and IDA)

Most common Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Types of Macrocytic normochromic anemia

B12 deficiency

folic acid (B9) deficiency

Alcoholism

Liver disease

Most common Macrocytic normochromic anemias

B12 deficiency

Folic acid (B9) deficiency

Types of normocytic normochromic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)

Acute blood loss

Hemolytic anemia (Sickle cell anemia)

Aplastic anemia

Most common normocytic normochromic anemia

Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)

Iron is transported by

Transferrin

Storage iron in 2 for a

Ferritin

Hemosiderin

A common cause of blood loss anemia is

Heavy menstrual flow

What is the most common cause of anemia worldwide

Iron deficiency (IDA) (chronic blood loss CBD)

Acute bleeding results in

Normocytic normochromic anemia

Chronic blood loss results in

Microcytic hypochromic anemia (really an IDA)

Iron deficiency anemia is usually due to

Chronic blood loss (GI blood loss in MC)

In the developed world the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is

Blood lost during menses in premenopausal women

Iron is necessary for formation of

Heme

Vast majority of of iron is present in

Hemoglobin

Normal iron loss per d

1-2 mg/day

TRUE or FALSE

Dietary deficiency is uncommon in adults

TRUE

What is the most common cause of IDA

Chronic blood loss

-especially in the GI tract

Severe iron deficiency may cause

Smooth tongue and brittle nails

Development of unusual cravings for specific foods and unusual substances

Pica

Pica for ice

Pagophagia

With iron deficiency anemia you have __________ iron, ________ ferritin, with _________ serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Decreased iron

Decreased ferritin

Increased total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Why is there increased total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Cause there is a decrease in iron so there the amount of protein that binds to iron is increased

IDA is what type of anemia

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

Variation in size of RBC

Anisocytosis

Variation in shape of RBC

Poikilocytosis

Platelet count with IDA is usually

Normal

What measures the extent to which iron-biding sites in the serum can be saturated

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Differential diagnosis for IDA

Other Microcytic hypochromic anemias

-thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, chronic blood loss

Anemia of chronic disease has _________ iron, ________ ferritin, and TIBC is __________

Decreased iron

Normal to increased ferritin

TIBC is low or normal

Thalassemia has _________ iron parameters although more _______

Normal iron parameters

More microcytosis

Another name for anemia of inflammation

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD)

Subtype of anemia of chronic disease

Chronic renal disease (CRD)

Anemia of chronic disease has _______serum iron, ________ TIBC, ________ferritin

Low serum iron

Low TIBC

Normal or increased ferritin (stores of iron are okay, just can't get to it)

Most of the time anemia of chronic disease is

Normocytic normochromic

What stimulates RBC production

erythropoietin

If anemia of chronic disease is related to kidney disease then it's known as

Anemia of renal disease (ARD)

Hereditary disorder anemia

Thalassemia

What anemia is characterized by reduced synthesis of globulin chains (alpha or beta) of hemoglobin

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is what type of anemia

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

2 types of thalassemia

Alpha and beta

Thalassemia results in

Reduced hemoglobin synthesis

Alpha thalassemia is primarily seen in people from

China and Southeast Asia

Bertha thalassemia is primary in people from

Mediterranean

Thalassemia major is also known as

Cooley`s anemia

Mediterranean anemia

Outcome of having thalassemia major or minor

Minor= clinically normal or require no treatment, symptoms appear under times of stress

Major= require regular transfusions

Thalassemia has iron parameters that are

Normal (normal TIBC, iron and ferritin)