Social-cognitive learning

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9 Terms

1
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Latent Learning

Learning that occurs in the absence of rewards and punishments but is not immediately reflected in behavior. It becomes apparent when a suitable motivation is present = hidden learning

2
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Social-Cognitive Learning Theory

Emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a ‘model’ or by receiving verbal instructions, without firsthand experience by the observer = observational learning

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cognitive map

mental representation of spatial characteristics of a familiar environment

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Edward Tolman 1948 method

3 groups of rats placed in maze to test latent learning. All placed in maze once a day for 3 weeks

  • group a = goal box at end each day

  • group b = no goal box ever

  • group c = same as b until 11th day where goal box is introduced

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Tolman 1948 results

  • a - learned quickly

  • b - appeared not to learn

  • c - appeared not to learn until food reward on 11th day then following performance equalled performance of a = latent learning

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Albert Bandura Bobo doll study 1965

explored how children learn through observing behaviour of adults = observational learning

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social learning

active cognitive processes construct mental representations of observed behaviour and its consequences = forms judgements about whether to reproduce observed behaviour

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Bobo study method

3 groups of kids = all watched video of adult performing 4 distinct aggressive behaviours towards bobo doll

  1. model rewarded - adult praised by another adult with lollies and soft drinks

  2. model punished - adult scolded by another adult and spanked

  3. no consequences - film ended after the 4 actions

Then each child placed in room with toys including bobo for 10 minutes and then experimenter entered and asked child to show the 4 actions by giving them lollies (incentive condition)

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bobo study results

Boys were more likely to reproduce aggressive actions than girls regardless of consequences. Results of punished group was lower than other 2. In incentive condition results showed that punished group still learned behaviours same as other group = punished group suppressed knowledge based on understanding of consequences = learning remained latent in punished until asked to demonstrate