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Chemistry-Unit 8A Solutions
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30 Terms
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1
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Suspensions
\-particles settle upon standing
\-can be separation by filtration
\-large particles
\-gravity causes settling
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Colloids
\-particles do not settle upon standing
\-particle size is intermediate
\-Distinguished by tyndall effect and brownian motion
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Foam
gas in liquid
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Sold Foam
gas in solid
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Liquid Emulsion
liquid in liquid
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Gel
liquid in solid
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Solid Aerosol
solid in gas (smog)
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Liquid Aerosol
liquid in gas (perfume)
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Sol
solid in liquid (glass)
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Solid Sol
solid in solid
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Tyndall Effect
Scattering of light by colloidal particles
\-can be used to distinguish a colloid from a suspension
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Brownian Motion
Chaotic movement of colloidal particles
\-caused by collisions of medium particles and colloidal particles
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Emulsion
Mixture of 2 insoluble liquids
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Solute
Being dissolved
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Solvent
Dissolves the solute
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Electrolyte
Conducts electricity when dissolved in water
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Nonelectrolyte
Dissolves in water, but does not conduct electricity
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Strong Electrolytes
Substances that ionize completely
\-Includes all strong acids, strong bases, and soluble ionic compounds
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Weak Electrolytes
Ionize only partially
\-Includes weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble ionic compounds
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Solvation
Process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute
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Dissociation
When molecules split into other things
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Spectator Ions
Ions that do not take part in the chemical change
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Saturated
Holds maximum amount of solute
\-undissolved solute remains at bottom
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Unsaturated
Solvent can still dissolve more
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Supersaturated
Holds more than a saturated solution
\-Raise temperature to dissolve more solute, then lower the temperature
\-Solute remains dissolved
\-Solvent is now holding more than it should at a new temperature
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Miscible
2 or more liquids dissolve in each other
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Immiscible
2 or more liquids will not dissolve in each other
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Temperature and Solubility
\-Solid solubility increases
\-Gas solubility decreases
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Pressure and Solubility
\-Little effect on solubility of solids and liquids
\-Strong influence on the solubility of gases
\-Increased pressure=increased solubility
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Henry’s Law
Solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure
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