Chemistry-Unit 8A Solutions

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Chemistry

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30 Terms

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Suspensions

-particles settle upon standing

-can be separation by filtration

-large particles

-gravity causes settling

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Colloids

-particles do not settle upon standing

-particle size is intermediate

-Distinguished by tyndall effect and brownian motion

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Foam

gas in liquid

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Sold Foam

gas in solid

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Liquid Emulsion

liquid in liquid

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Gel

liquid in solid

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Solid Aerosol

solid in gas (smog)

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Liquid Aerosol

liquid in gas (perfume)

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Sol

solid in liquid (glass)

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Solid Sol

solid in solid

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Tyndall Effect

Scattering of light by colloidal particles

-can be used to distinguish a colloid from a suspension

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Brownian Motion

Chaotic movement of colloidal particles

-caused by collisions of medium particles and colloidal particles

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Emulsion

Mixture of 2 insoluble liquids

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Solute

Being dissolved

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Solvent

Dissolves the solute

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Electrolyte

Conducts electricity when dissolved in water

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Nonelectrolyte

Dissolves in water, but does not conduct electricity

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Strong Electrolytes

Substances that ionize completely

-Includes all strong acids, strong bases, and soluble ionic compounds

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Weak Electrolytes

Ionize only partially

-Includes weak acids, weak bases, and insoluble ionic compounds

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Solvation

Process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute

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Dissociation

When molecules split into other things

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Spectator Ions

Ions that do not take part in the chemical change

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Saturated

Holds maximum amount of solute

-undissolved solute remains at bottom

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Unsaturated

Solvent can still dissolve more

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Supersaturated

Holds more than a saturated solution

-Raise temperature to dissolve more solute, then lower the temperature

-Solute remains dissolved

-Solvent is now holding more than it should at a new temperature

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Miscible

2 or more liquids dissolve in each other

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Immiscible

2 or more liquids will not dissolve in each other

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Temperature and Solubility

-Solid solubility increases

-Gas solubility decreases

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Pressure and Solubility

-Little effect on solubility of solids and liquids

-Strong influence on the solubility of gases

-Increased pressure=increased solubility

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Henry’s Law

Solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure