L12_Learning___Memory_Annotated

Declarative Memory

A type of memory that is available to consciousness, including facts and events.

Nondeclarative Memory

A type of memory that generally is not available to consciousness, such as skills and tasks.

Hippocampus

A specialized structure in the medial temporal lobe that is important for memory consolidation.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Prolonged synaptic changes believed to be a cellular mechanism responsible for learning.

Short-Term Memory

Temporary storage used for information, held for seconds to minutes.

Memory Consolidation

The process by which short-term memories are converted into long-term memories.

Anterograde Amnesia

The inability to consolidate new declarative memories following damage to the hippocampus.

Synaptic Plasticity

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in activity.

EPSPs (Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials)

Changes in the postsynaptic potential that make the neuron more likely to fire an action potential.

Second Messengers

Molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Declarative Memory Categories

Memories that can be divided into categories such as daily episodes, words and meanings, and history.

Neural Processes

Different patterns of neural activity involved in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of memories.

Memory Storage

The brain's capability to hold information, which is believed to be distributed across various brain areas.

Long-Term Memory

The phase of memory that can be recalled after a period of hours to years.

Motor Skills

A type of nondeclarative memory related to learning how to do things, like riding a bike or tying shoes.

Plasticity

The brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience, crucial for learning and memory.

Hippocampal Lesion

Damage to the hippocampus that can cause deficits in memory, particularly in forming new explicit memories.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Memory Recall

The process of retrieving information stored in memory.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain associated with nondeclarative memory, particularly motor skills.

Basal Ganglia

A group of nuclei in the brain that play a role in the coordination of movement and nondeclarative memory.