Cyber Security Chapter 2

Adverse Events

Events with a negative consequence, such as system crashes, network packet floods, unauthorized use of system privileges, defacement of a web page or execution of malicious code that destroys data

Breach 

Unauthorized access, disclosure, or acquisition of personally identifiable information by an unauthorized user or when an authorized user misuses the information

Business Continuity (BC)

Actions, processes and tools for ensuring an organization can continue critical operations during a contingency

Business Continuity Plan (BCP)

The documentation of a predetermined set of instructions or procedures that describe how an organization’s mission/business processes will be sustained during and after a significant disruption.

Business Impact Analysis (BIA)

An analysis of an information system’s requirements, functions, and interdependencies used to characterize system contingency requirements and priorities in the event of a significant disruption

Disaster Recovery (DR) 

In information systems terms, the activities necessary to restore IT and communications services to an organization during and after an outage, disruption or disturbance of any kind or scale

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

The processes, policies and procedures related to preparing for recovery or continuation of an organization's critical business functions, technology infrastructure, systems and applications after the organization experiences a disaster

Disaster

when an organization’s critical business function(s) cannot be performed at an acceptable level within a predetermined period following a disruption

Event 

Any observable occurrence in a network or system

Exploit 

A particular attack. It is named this way because these attacks exploit system vulnerabilities

Incident 

An event that actually or potentially jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity or availability of an information system or the information the system processes, stores or transmits

Incident Handling

The mitigation of violations of security policies and recommended practices

Incident Response (IR)

The mitigation of violations of security policies and recommended practices

Incident Response Plan (IRP)

The documentation of a predetermined set of instructions or procedures to detect, respond to and limit consequences of a malicious cyberattack against an organization’s information systems(s)

Intrusion 

A security event, or combination of security events, that constitutes a security incident in which an intruder gains, or attempts to gain, access to a system or system resource without authorization

Security Operations Center

A centralized organizational function fulfilled by an information security team that monitors, detects and analyzes events on the network or system to prevent and resolve issues before they result in business disruptions

Vulnerability 

Weakness in an information system, system security procedures, internal controls or implementation that could be exploited or triggered by a threat source

Zero Day 

A previously unknown system vulnerability with the potential of exploitation without risk of detection or prevention because it does not, in general, fit recognized patterns, signatures or methods