Medical Terminology Exam 1 Ch. 1-4 Shann Holt Harding University

Cyan/o

Bluish discoloation

Erythr/o

Red coloring

Leuk/o

White coloring

Melan/o

Black, dark pigment

Poli/o

Grey matter

-algia

Pain

-itis

Inflammation of

-megaly

Enlargement

-sclerosis

Abnormal hardening

-ology

The study of

-centesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

-graphy

The process of recording or producing an image

-gram

A record, image, or written result

-plasty

Surgical repair or surgical reconstruction

-scopy

Visual examination with a lighted instrument

-rrhage

Bursting forth, excessive flow

-rrhaphy

Surgical suturing or stitching

-rrhea

Flow, discharge

-ectomy

Surgical removal, excision, or resection

-ostomy

Surgical creation of an opening to the outside of the body

Pre-

Before, in front of

Peri-

Around, surrounding

Post-

After, following

Diagnosis

Identification of a disease or condition

Prognosis

The predicted outcome or likely course of a disease

Sign

An objective indication of a disease or condition

Symptom

A subjective indication of a disease or condition

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body

Physiology

The study of the function of the body and its parts

Anterior

Toward the front of the body

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Superior

Above or higher in position

Inferior

Below or lower in position

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or origin of a body part

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment or origin of a body part

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Hypochondriac

Region of the upper abdomen beneath the ribs

Epigastric

Region of the upper central abdomen

Umbilical

Region of the central abdomen around the navel

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Four quadrants of the abdomen

Dysplasia

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or an organ

Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of cells, leading to enlargement of a tissue or organ

Endocrine

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Exocrine

Glands that secrete substances through ducts to an external or internal surface

Pathology

The study of a disease

Iatrogenic

Caused by medical treatment or intervention

Idiopathic

Of unknown cause

Nosocomial

Originating in a hospital or healthcare setting

Syndrome

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition

Congenital

Present at birth

Kyphosis

Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing a rounded or hunchback appearance

Lordosis

Excessive inward curvature of the spine, typically in the lower back (lumbar region)

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral (side to side) curvature of the spine

Osteoclast

A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue

Osteoblast

A type of bone cell that forms new bone tissue

Peristeum

Thedense layer of connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones

Articular

Pertaining to a joint

Diaphysis

Theshart or central part of a long bone

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck or the neck region of a structure

Cruciate

Shaped like a cross

Podiatrist

Feet, ankle, and lower extremities doctor

Orthopedic

Doctor that diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of musculoskeletal system disorders

Ankylosis

Stiffening or fusion of a joint

Arthrosclerosis

Hardening or stiffening of a joint

Chrondromalacia

Softening or degeneration of cartilage

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone

Arthroscopy

A minimally invasive procedure to examine or treat the inferior of a joint

Arthroplasty

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint

Craniotomy

Surgical opening of the skull

Musculoskeletal

Relating to the muscles and the skeleton

Myocardial

Pertaining to the heart muscle

Neuromuscular

Relating to both nerves and muscles

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward midline of the body

Circumduction

Circular movemnt of a body part

Biceps

A muscle with two heads or points of origin

Triceps

A muscle with three heads or points of origin

Atrophy

Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or organ

Myalgia

Muscle pain

Sarcopenia

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging

Hypotonia

Decreased muscle tone

Ataxia

Lack of voluntary muscle coordination

Myoclonus

Sudden, involuntary muscle jerks or twitches

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement

-paresis

Partial or incomplete loss of voluntary movement, weakness

-plegia

Complete loss of voluntary movement, paralysis

Hemi

Half

Quadri-

Four

Myorrhaphy

Suture of a muscle

Tenotomy

Surgical procedure that involves cutting a tendon