Therapeutics 1 SI Week 1

Which patient is expected to have the lowest percentage of total body water?

Adult >60 years

In an average adult male, what fraction of total body water is intracellular fluid?

2/3

A 60-kg adult female presents for evaluation. Her estimated intravascular fluid volume is what?

2.0 L

Which electrolyte primarily determines extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

Sodium

Which IV fluid is isotonic?

0.9% NaCl

Infusion of 0.9% NaCl results in what fluid compartment change?

Increase in ECF only

Administration of D5W causes what fluid compartment changes?

Increase in ICF and ECF

What is the tonicity of D5W?

Hypotonic

What is the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl?

Isotonic

What is the tonicity of 0.45% NaCl?

Hypotonic

What is the tonicity of 3% NaCl?

Hypertonic

What is the tonicity of Lactated Ringer’s?

Isotonic

Hypertonic saline causes which intracellular effect?

Decreased ICF

Which finding indicates acute intravascular volume depletion?

Tachycardia and hypotension

Which crystalloids are recommended for acute fluid resuscitation as rapid infusion?

0.9% NaCl and Lactated Ringer

ADH primarily increases what?

Free water reabsorption

Angiotensin II raises blood pressure primarily by what mechanism?

Sodium and water retention

Aldosterone causes which effect?

Sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

What is released from the adrenal glands in response to stress, low blood pressure, and low sugar?

Cortisol

A critically ill patient receiving norepinephrine for septic shock will most likely experience what fluid/electrolyte effect?

Increased sodium and water reabsorption

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) functions to do what?

Promote sodium excretion

Which labs indicate extracellular fluid (ECF) volume depletion?

Increased hematocrit and increased BUN and creatinine

Which signs and symptoms indicate extracellular fluid (ECF) volume overload?

Edema, dyspnea on exertion, and ascites