respiratory unit review first part of test

List three muscles that assist in the process of respiration

Sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, diaphragm

What functions does the cilia serve in the respiratory pathway

Stops particles/pollution

What functions does the mucous serve in the respiratory pathway

combines with dirt/pollution and prevents the particles from entering lungs

What is the function of the pleural sac?

Envelopes each lung and contains a thin layer of pleural fluid to prevent friction with ribs during respiration

Inspiration

Inhaling of air

Process of inspiration (1/3)

Diaphragm contracts/flattens moving downward into abdominal cavity

Process of inspiration (2/3)

Intrapulmonic pressure (air in lungs) is reduced slightly below atmospheric pressure (2-3 mmHg)

Process of inspiration (3/3)

Air is pulled into the lungs due to trying to equalize intrapulmonic pressure and atmospheric pressure

Explain the process of expiration (1/3)

⬇ thoracic cavity size due to relaxation of muscles

Explain the process of expiration (2/3)

Intrapulmonic pressure ⬆ to equalize with atmospheric air pressure

Explain the process of expiration (3/3)

During forced breathing, intercostal muscles pull ribs down (lats and abs assist)

What static volume is the total volume of air moved in one breath from full inspiration to full expiration?

Forced vital capacity

Define expiratory reserve volume

Volume of air which can be inhaled after normal inspiration

Explain tidal volume

Volume of air inspired or expired during 1 normal phase of breath

What is the name of the small amount of air left in the lungs after exhaling?

Residual volume

What are 2 factors that can cause a change in a persons total lung capacity?

1. Aging

2. Trained athlete (efficient diaphragm)

What portion of the respiratory pathway is most affected by asthma? What does asthma cause to occur to this structure?

The bronchial tubes are inflamed and narrowed, causing asthma. The reaction of the airway causes spasms or uncontrolled contractions of the smooth muscle or bronchial tubes and increased mucous

List the pipes that carry oxygen from the larynx to the alveoli

Larynx ➡ trachea ➡ primary bronchi ➡ secondary bronchi ➡ tertiary bronchi ➡ bronchioles ➡ alveoli