Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body

Flashcards covering the definitions, examples, and levels of organization for human anatomy and physiology as presented in the NURS4400/2602 Human Body Systems lesson.

Anatomy (matai tinana)

The branch of science which studies the structure of the human body, locations and shapes of body parts, and their relationship to each other.

Physiology (matai whaiaroaro)

The study of the function of the body, describing what body parts do or what their job is and how they work individually or together.

Anatomy of the Heart

An anatomical description noting that the heart contains four chambers.

Physiology of the Heart

A physiological description noting that the heart pumps blood.

Eye Anatomy

The eye is roughly the size of a golf ball and shaped like a sphere, mainly white with color at the front (the iris), and positioned on either side of the nose.

Eye Physiology

The eye receives light and converts it into a nervous signal carried to the brain to be interpreted as an image.

Auscultating

A clinical investigation of physiology that involves listening to the heart.

Palpating

A clinical investigation of anatomy that involves feeling a muscle.

Iris Physiology

The function of the iris is to control the amount of light entering the eye.

Stomach Anatomy

The stomach is located in the upper left abdominal cavity.

Stomach Physiology

The stomach produces enzymes that digest food.

Liver Anatomy

The liver is reddish brown in colour.

Liver Physiology

The liver functions to detoxify drugs.

Chemical Level

The level of organisation consisting of atoms and molecules; water is the most abundant molecule in the human body.

Cellular Level

The level of organisation represented by various cells, such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and bone cells.

Tissue Level

The level of organisation consisting of groups of similar cells; the four types use the mnemonic 'Every Monkey Can Nap'.

Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue made up of cells used as a covering or lining of structures.

Organ Level

The level of organisation where two or more tissues are joined together to perform a specific function.

Organ System Level

A group of organs working together, such as the respiratory system (lungs, heart, windpipe, and diaphragm).

Organism Level

The highest level of structural organisation representing a whole individual, such as a baby.

Cardiovascular System Organs

According to the transcript, this system includes the heart, blood, and lymph vessels.