Science 2025 sem 1

stuff i need to remember

Cerebrum

where you think, separated into lobes

frontal lobe

planning, problem solving, and speech

temporal lobe

memories

paricetial lobe

processes sensory information including touch, temperature, and spacial awareness

occipital lobe

responsible for processing information and connects what you see with memory

brain stem

controls all unvoluntary bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing ect.

hypothalamus

messenger from body to brain, sends signals to pituitary gland

cerebellum

coordinating voluntary movement and maintaining balance and posture

circulatory system

circulation of blood

what does the circulatory system include?

heart, blood vessels, blood, veins, capillaries

digestive system

responsible for breaking down food to provide body with nutrients and energy

what does the digestive system include?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas

endocrine system

making hormones to help regulate the body

what does the endocrine system involve?

glands such as pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

excretory system

removal of waste products (cellular)

what is part of the excretory system?

kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra

muscular skeletal system

movement and support

what is in the muscular skeletal system?

bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments

nervous system

coordination of various parts of the body and keeps inside safe from changes in the ouside

what does the nervous system include?

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

respiratory system

taking in oxygen for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide

what is included in the respiratory system?

lungs, nose, trachea, diagram, bronchi

reproductive system

reproduction

endothermic

cooler than surroundings

exothermic

hotter than surroundings

atom

The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically

molecule

a group of atoms bonded together

compound

two or more different elements chemically bonded together

mixtures

combining of two or more different substances e.g smoothie

neuron

a nerve cell that sends chemical and electrical signals throughout the body.

soma

cell body contains nucleus

dendrites

receives signals from other neurons and passes them to the cell body

axon

transfers messages away from cell body to other cells and muscles

synapses

junctions where neurons communicate and shares messages

neurotransmitters

electrical signals are transformed into chemicals from axon terminal to pass onto muscles or neurons

sensory neurons

Receive information from the senses (sight, touch, etc.). 

inter-neurons

Connect sensory and motor neurons, processing information within the brain and spinal cord

motor neurons

send messages to effectors (muscles or glands)

effectors

muscles or glands that carry out the movement

atomic number

protons

mass number

protons + neutrons

neutrons

mass number - protons

Stimulus

a change external of the body

myleine sheif

insulation, allows messages to travel faster, protection

column (down)

groups

rows (across)

periods

atomic weight/mass

protons + neutrons

Protons

heavy

Neurons

heavy

electrons

light