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The word chemistry is derived from the Greek work chemia, which means "the black art".
the ancients were proficient in the arts of metallurgy, dyeing, brewing, and pottery
during this period developed the concept that all substances found on earth are composed of four elements namely earth, air, fire, and water.
the earliest metals used by man were Copper, Silver, gold, Lead, Tin, Iron.
summarized some earlier theories and proposed that there were also four fundamental properties - hot, cold, wet, and dry.
He was a philosopher and prolific writer in science.
great experimentation
The first book of chemistry was written in Egypt about 300 A.D. and contains diagrams of chemical apparatus and descriptions of many laboratory operations (for example, distillation, crystallization, and sublimation)
Started in china by first century and reaches europe and spain by 12th century
Alchemy was the result of the union of ancient Egyptian art and philosophical speculation of the Greeks
He was known as the greatest alchemist.
He invented filtration, sublimation, crystallization, and distillation.
the first to prepare nitric and sulfuric acid.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, a school of iatrochemistry, a branch of alchemy concerned with medicine.
During this period, the four element theory was questioned, the study of gases was begun and quantitative experiments were undertaken for the first time.
The first textbook of Chemistry was written in 1597.
swiss medical practitioner, modified the term alchemy
started making drugs or chemicals in the laboratory.
He started the search for the "elixir of life" and fabled "Fountain of Youth".
study and was the first to work with gases
He discovered the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas.
In 1661, Boyle wrote the book The Skeptical Chemist in which he criticized the basic idea of alchemy.
In the 18 century, the phlogiston theory was proposed by George Ernst Stahi,
based on earlier theories of Johann Becher Phlogiston was described as a substance in combustible material that is given off when a material burns. Upon combustion,' substance was thought to lose its phlogistons and be reduced to a simpler form.
much work was done with gases, especially by Joseph Black, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestly in England and Carl Scheele in Sweden.
The combustion of wood is represented in the following term.
Wood -> ashes + phlogiston (removed by air)
it was probably the first great principle in Chemistry. It persisted for about one hundred years and was the center of much discovery during this time.
Contributions: Developed the phlogiston theory, which explained combustion and oxidation
Stahl's Theory: Proposed that phlogiston was a substance released during combustion and that it was responsible for the properties of heat and light
Medical Work: Advocated for the use of chemical remedies in medicine
Legacy: Stahl's phlogiston theory influenced the development of chemistry and medicine in the 18th century
Oxygen was probably discovered by - between 1772 and 1774.
He was the first to prepare oxygen.
Father of Modern Chemistry
formulated the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that during chemical reaction, there is no detectable change in mass. in other words, the total mass of all materials entering into a chemical reaction equals the total mass of all the products of the reaction.
he showed that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen
proposed the theory of indestructibility of matter; gave a clear definition of element and compound;
proposed a system of chemical nomenclature.
In his book Traite Elementaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise on Chemistry) published in 1789
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biological Chemistry
Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Industrial Chemistry
Data gathering
Facts
Experiment
Hypothesis
Theory
Law
is the tendency of a substance to become dry, crispy, and powdery due to loss of moisture or water content when exposed to the atmosphere.
Sodium carbonate has this property.
Intrinsic Properties
Extrinsic Properties
Pure substances are homogeneous
Mixtures
Element is made of only one type of atom. The elements in the periodic table are considered pure.
perfectly uniform in composition cannot be separated into simpler components by physical method.
Compound is made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined, but is a pure substance because it consists of only one kind of molecule or formula unit.
are materials which are not uniform in composition and contain two or more ditterent substances that are physically combined.
Homogeneous refers to material in which different parts cannot be distinguished even with a microscope.
Heterogeneous refers to material in which there are visible parts. Examples: gravel & sand, halo-halo
Solid state
Liquid State
Gaseous State
Plasma
is the energy a body possesses because of its position relative to other bodies.
Example: The water held in a reservoir behind a dam is in position to do work by turning a turbine or waterwheel.
is the energy a body possesses because of motion.
Example. A moving automobile, a pitched baseball, falling leaves from a tall tree
a form of energy which is involved in every chemical reaction. It is termed as "stored energy". It is the energy possessed by a substance that allows it to be changed into a new substance.
Example: Energy in coal, gasoline, and food
is a measure of the internal energy of a substance which is due to its temperature.
Example: When coal is burned, heat is given up or evolved. This heat, termed heat energy, may be made to do useful work.
Note 
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