HOTUS 1 - CLEP - Revolution

Proclamation of 1763

Law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Name the Act that imposed a direct tax on Americans for the first time. Applied to written documents, and would have created an impossible drain on hard currency.

Stamp Act (1765)

Currency Act of 1764

Forbade colonists from printing their own currency & instead required them to use hard currency (gold & silver) which was in short supply in the colonies.

Sugar Act of 1764

The first act that Parliament passed after 1763, that raised taxes on the colonies. (not directly)[import tax]

Declaratory Act 1766

Parliament reserved the "power to tax or make laws for the Americans in all cases whatsoever." Largely ignored by the American populace.

List the 5 George Grenville Acts

1. Sugar Act (1764) (First tax on imports to America)

2. Quartering Act (1764)

3. Currency Act (1764)

4. Stamp Act (1765) (First direct tax on Americans)

5. Declaratory Act (1765)

Who wrote, "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania"

John Dickinson

"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" espoused what?

That the Townshend Duties violated the principle of no taxation without representation.

What letter urged colonial governments to pass petitions to parliament for the repeal of the Townshend Duties?

Massachusetts Circular Letter (1768)

When did the Boston Massacre occur?

1770

Name the 4 Coercive Acts

1. Boston Port Act

2. Massachusetts government Act

3. Administration of Justice Act

4. Quartering Act

Quebec Act

Extended the province of Quebec to the Ohio River and established Catholicism as Quebec's official religion.

Boston Port Act (1774)

Closed the port of Boston to all trade until the cost of the lost tea was paid

Massachusetts Government Act (1774)

Increased the power of the Massachusetts royal governor.

Administration of Justice Act (1774)

Governors accused of crimes could be tried elsewhere (could be acquitted easier)

Intolerable Acts

Coercive Acts (4) + Quebec Act (1)

Molasses Act of 1733

British legislation which taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain.

What did the Townshend Duties do?

They set only moderate tax rates on items imported into the colonies.

Frederick Lord North repealed all the taxes (Townshend Duties) except which one?

Tea Act of 1773

The First Continental Congress was called in 1774 to oppose what Acts?

Intolerable Acts

Where did the First Continental Congress meet?

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1774

Purpose of Suffolk Resolves (1774)

Called for strict nonimportation and rigorous preparation of local militia companies.

Who was William Dawes?

American patriot who rode with Paul Revere to warn that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord (1745-1799)

Who led the Second Continental Congress?

John Dickinson

2nd Continental Congress (1775) major accomplishments (3)

1. Appointed George Washington as commander of the army surrounding Boston.

2. Adopted the "Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for taking up arms"

3. Adopted the "Olive Branch Petition"

Purpose of the Olive Branch Petition

To persuade King George to intercede with Parliament to restore peace.

Prohibitory Act (1775)

George III's dismissal of the Olive Branch Petition which declared the colonies to be in rebellion; later forbade all trade and shipping between the two areas. Declaration of war

Richard Henry Lee's Resolutions (2nd Continental Congress)

Called for independence and a national government

American victory which convinced the French to join openly in the war against England.

Saratoga

Treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris of 1783

What did the Articles of Confederation accomplish (state and national government)?

Preserved the sovereignty of the states and created a very weak national government.

Articles of Confederation: Legislature

Unicameral Congress. Each state had 1 vote

Articles of Confederation: Executive Authority

Executive Authority vested in the committee of 13, one member from each state

Articles of Confederation: Amending of Articles

Unanimous consent of all the states was required.

Articles of Confederation: Not empowered to… (3)

1. Levy taxes,

2. Raise troops

3. Regulate commerce

Newburgh Conspiracy (1783)

Supporters of a strong national government conspired with the army second in command Horatio Gates to force the states to surrender more power to the national government. Stopped by George Washington

Land Ordinance of 1784/1785

Provided for territorial government and an orderly system by which each territory could become a state. Provided for the creation of townships. 36 one sq mile sections.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Provided a bill of rights for settlers and forbade slavery north of the Ohio River

Jay-Gardoqui Negotiations

John Jay began negotiating a treaty with the Spanish minister that would benefit east-coast merchants, but would mean Spain closing the Mississippi River as an outlet for agricultural goods to the settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee.

Shays' rebellion (1786)

Daniel Shays shut down courts to prevent judges from seizing property or condemning people to debtors' prison for failing to pay their taxes.

First important means of transportation in the United States after independence?

Turn-Pikes

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798

Political statements drafted by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that argued states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.