3.2.3 gas exchange (plants)

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7 Terms

1
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How are the leaves of plants adapted for gas exchange

  • many stomata (high density) which provides a large surface area for gas exchange when opened by the guard cells

  • The spongy mesophyll contains air spaces which provides a large surface area for gases to diffuse through

  • The leaves are thin to provide a short diffusion distance

2
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Draw the cross section of a leaf

  • waxy cuticle

  • Upper epidermis

  • Palisade mesophyll

  • Spongy mesophyll

  • Lower epidermis

  • Stoma and guard cells

<ul><li><p>waxy cuticle </p></li><li><p>Upper epidermis </p></li><li><p>Palisade mesophyll </p></li><li><p>Spongy mesophyll </p></li><li><p>Lower epidermis </p></li><li><p>Stoma and guard cells </p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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What is taken in/ out through the stomata

  • CO2/ oxygen is taken in

  • Water vapour is taken out

4
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What is a xerophyte

A plant adapted to live in very dry conditions

5
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Explain how xerophytic plants allow gas exchange and limit water loss — thick waxy cuticle

  • increases diffusion distance so less evaporation

6
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Explain how xerophytic plants allow gas exchange and limit water loss — Sunken stomata, rolled leaves and hairs

  • trap water vapour/ protect stomata from wind

  • So reduced water potential gradient between the leaf and air

  • So less evaporation

7
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Explain how xerophytic plants allow gas exchange and limit water loss — Spines/ needles

  • reduces surface area to volume ratio