Manufacturing Formulas 2

initial thickness times width times contact length, equals final thickness times width times length

initial thickness times width times velocity equals final thickness times width times velocity

slip is the final velocity minus the roll speed all over the roll speed

draft is initial thickness (mm/in) minus final thickness

reduction is draft over initial thickness

max draft is friction coefficient squared times radius

rolling force is initial width times the integral of pressure from 0 to contact length

contact length is the square root of radius times initial minus final thickness

Rolling force is avg flow stress times initial width and length

avg flow stress is given constant (MPa) times strain to the power of given constant n all over 1+n

power is 2pi times N (rotational speed) times rolling force times contact length

forging strain is ln initial height over final height. (when h is final height strain is max)

forging force to upset is flow stress times area

flow stress is constant times strain to the power of constant