US History 1

Nuremberg Trials

Allies will Prosecute numerous high-ranking Nazi officials for their actions during ww2

1946

US gives independence to the Philippines and their people

Atlantic Charter

Agreement between FDR and Churchill on Post War Organization.

Atlantic Charter 3 major goals

Us and Uk will receive no territorial gain from the war.

Support the right of all people to choose their own form of a government

The creation of a “Permanent system of general security noted NaU

United Nations

Created 1945, aims to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations, and achieve international cooperation

Cold War

Conflict between Communism and Democracy, US AND USSR

Truman Doctrine

Created 1947, Truman promotes the idea of containment in Europe and the rest of the world.

Truman Doctrine: Containment

Limit of block the expansion of Soviet Communism

NATO

1949 military alliance. Collective defense against a Soviet attack.

Satellites

Nations dominated politically or economically by a more powerful nation.

Warsaw Pact

Created 1955, in response to NATO. Military alliance with the USSR and satellite nations

Iron Curtain

a new enemy quickly emerges for the US and the rest of the western nations of the USSR

Marshall Plan

a massive financial aid to rebuild European economies. Rebuild, Modernize, Prolotov PlanMevent spread of communism

Molotov Plan

A Financial aid plan by the ISSR, to help rebuild war torn Europe

Berlin airlift

Western nations will drop supplies into east Berlin

West Germany

Democratic

East Germany

Communist

Servicemen’s readjustment act

Known as the GI Bill, give support for soldiers returning from war to adjust back into American society.

Sunbelt

The southern half of the entire US

Taft Harley Act

Would severly limit the power of labor unions and would allow the federal government to break up strikes in key industries

Affluent Society

Period that began after ww2, was a golden era of economic growth.

Fair Deal

Would dress many social and quality of life improvements for Americans

Executive order 9981

Desegregated the military and civil services

22nd Amendment

Limits the President to 2 terms or 10 years max

President Eisenhower

Wins 1952 election in a landslide

HEW

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, looked to improve the basic necessities of American citizens

Baby Boom

Massive increase in births, after ww2, from 1946-1964

Levittown

Mass produced suburban community created by William Levin who produced over 150 houses per week

New American Home: “Ranch Style”

1 story, 2 bedrooms, Grange, Small Backyard and Front

Nuclear Family

A Family consisting of two parents and at least one child, if not more, living in the same house

American Communerism

The excess buying of goods and services. Even though they may not need those goods.

Planned Obsolescence

Term for products designed to quickly go out of style to wear out easily.

Teenagers Enrolled in Highschool

1920: 28%

1930: 37%

1949: 80%

Second Red Scare

Fear Campaign that would accuse individuals of spreading communism and soviet influence in American institutions

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

American Couple convicted of leaking and sharing atomic secrets with the Soviet Union

Tsar Bomba

Hydrogen Bomb that was 3,00 times more powerful than the atomic bomb used on Hiroshima

Loyalty Program

Background checks done on all federal workers

McCarran Act

Would try to diminish and make communism in the United States illegal

Joseph McCarty

U.S Senator who claimed that there were 205 known Communists working for the U.S Department of State

McCarthyism

Widespread political repression and persecution of left wing individuals and a campaign spread fear.

Vietnamisation

Policy would shift war responsibility from U.S to South Vietnam

Sputnik

Launching of what started the Space Race

Communism

North Vietnam adopted this system

Gulf Tonkin

Event pulled the US into the Vietnam War

Containment

Idea of of stopping the spread of Communism

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

created with the intention to advance America’s Space technolog

Operation Paperclip

US smuggles in former Nazi scientists to help build America's rocket program.

Laika:

First dog sent to space and the first animal to orbit Earth.

Yuri Gagarin

First man in space and orbited the earth.

The Mercury Project ( 1959- 63)

goal was to get an astronaut in space and bring him back to Earth.

Gemini project (1963- 66)

goal was to allow astronauts to stay in space for periods of time.

The Apollo Missions:

Aim to land a man on the moon and return them safely to earth.

Apollo I

goal was to test the command and service module in space.

Apollo eleven

the american space mission that will send the first humans to the surface of the moon.

Nikita, Kennedy, Castro

3 leaders during the missile crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13-day political and military stand off between the US and USSR, over nuclear missile installations.

Communist revolution

1959, Cuba undergoes a communist revolution. Fidel Castro will overthrow the Cuban government and replace it with a communist one.

Bay of Pigs invasion

1961, a failed US invasion of Cuba that tried to overthrow the Cuban Communist Government.

Nikita Khrushchev

First leader of the USSR after Stalin died. Looked to protect Cuba from a US invasion

civil disobedience

Refusal to follow rules

Nikita Khrushchev

First leader of the USSR after Stalin died. Looked to protect Cuba from a US invasion

Fidel Castro

communist leader of cuba. Sided with the URRS due to his hatred for the US.

Hawks

Americans who believe in continuing the Vietnam War

Bay of Pigs

Failed attempt to get rid of communism in Cuba

Selma March

This event highlighted how the police department escalates violence towards black Americans

Joseph McCarty

Politician was the main agitator of the Red Scare

Malcom X

Civil rights leader that believed in fighting back

Watergate

a political scandal that would see President Nixon under investigation for stealing campaign information and taping telephones

Operation Gemstone

a series of plans to ensure Nixon’s reelection and sabotage his political opponents.

Results of Watergate

americans become even more cynical about the federal government

Election of 1976

would see newcorner Jimmy Carter beat incumbent president gerald ford to become president

Jimmy Carter

A “ Washington Outsider” who had little political experience and was well-liked for his informal approach to the president

Amnesty

to be forgiven of previous crimes

Energy crisis

US sees rising cost of energy and fuel. Will see high costs and shortage

Carter's energy plan

to save on rising oil prices, Carter asked Americans to conserve fuel in their homes, cars, and business.

Department of energy

goal is to advance energy research, efficiency, and innovation. Also in charge of regulating

Stagflation

An economy that faces slow economic growth and has a high unemployment.

The panama canal treaty

Would see the  US give control of the Panama Canal to Panama

Camp David peace accords

peace treaty between the nations of egypt and israel

Detente

easing of tensions in foreign affairs

Iranian rev

the overthrow of the iranian monarchy and replaced with an islamic republic