Health Conditions and Principles of Physical Fitness: Key Concepts and Definitions

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48 Terms

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Heat exhaustion

Condition characterized by pale, clammy skin, sweating, weakness, nausea, and normal body temperature due to heat and water loss.

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Frostbite

Damage to body tissue caused by excessive cold.

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Hypokinetic Conditions

Health issues arising from a sedentary lifestyle, leading to significant healthcare costs and premature deaths.

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Cardiovascular disease

The number one cause of death in the USA since the 1920s.

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Coronary Artery Disease

Condition where fats build up on the walls of the arteries.

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Heart attack

Condition where blood supply to the heart is cut off.

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Stroke

Condition where blood supply to the brain is cut off.

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Heat cramps

Muscle cramps caused by heat and water loss.

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Heat stroke

Severe condition with hot, dry, flushed skin, rapid pulse, lack of sweat, dizziness or unconsciousness, which can be fatal due to heat and water loss.

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Hypothermia

Condition when body temperature drops abnormally low.

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Hypertension

High blood pressure; the force of blood pushing against artery walls.

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Systolic pressure

Pressure on arteries immediately after the heart beats.

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Diastolic pressure

Pressure on arteries just before the next heartbeat.

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Artery

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

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Vein

Blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.

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Primary risk factors for heart disease

Inactivity, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high body fat percentage, diabetes.

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Secondary risk factors for heart disease

Stress and excessive use of alcohol.

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Diabetes

Condition where sugar levels are not regulated and tissue does not use insulin effectively.

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Obesity

Classified as a disease; rate in teens increased from 5% to 18% since 1980.

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Osteoporosis

Condition where bone structure deteriorates and bones become porous.

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Principle of Overload

Increased demand on the body forces it to adapt.

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Principle of Progression

Gradual increase in intensity of exercise.

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Principle of Specificity

Specific training yields specific results.

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Physical Activity Pyramid

Guideline for accumulating 60 minutes of physical activity per day, focusing on all parts of the pyramid.

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RICE

Treatment method for injuries: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

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Delayed injury

Injury that doesn’t immediately cause pain/soreness

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Side stitch

Type of pain a person experiences in the side of the lower abdomen while exercising

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Overuse injury

Damage occurs to bones, muscles, or other tissues due to excessive exercise

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Biomechanics

Principles concerning physics and engineering that help living organisms function

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Fitness level

Factor which plays an important role in determining how strenuously and when you exercise

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Cancer

Disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells

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Atherosclerosis

Buildup of substances on the inner walls of the arteries

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Injury

Health problem caused by doing too much physical activity

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Hypertension

High blood pressure

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Blood pressure

The force exerted by blood against a blood vessel wall

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Diastolic Pressure

The lowest pressure exerted by blood in your arteries

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Osteoporosis

Condition which occurs when bones become porous and lose their strength

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Lordosis

Condition is characterized by having too much arch in the lower back

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Systolic pressure

Highest pressure exerted by blood in your arteries

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Activity neurosis

Condition in which people continue exercising despite being ill or injured

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FITT Principle

Frequent, Intensity, Time, Type Principle

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Step 1 of physical activity pyramid

Moderate physical activity - walking, yardwork, bowling

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Step 2 of physical activity pyramid

Vigorous Aerobics (w/ oxygen) - Jogging, biking, swimming

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Step 3 of physical activity pyramid

Vigorous Sport and recreation - tennis, soccer, skating, skiing

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Step 4 of physical activity pyramid

Muscle fitness exercises - Resistance training, calisthenics - lift weights every other day

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Step 5 of physical activity pyramid

Flexibility - stretch to tension NOT PAIN

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Sprain

injury of ligaments (bone to bone)

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Strain

Injury of muscle or tendon (muscle to bone)