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Heat exhaustion
Condition characterized by pale, clammy skin, sweating, weakness, nausea, and normal body temperature due to heat and water loss.
Frostbite
Damage to body tissue caused by excessive cold.
Hypokinetic Conditions
Health issues arising from a sedentary lifestyle, leading to significant healthcare costs and premature deaths.
Cardiovascular disease
The number one cause of death in the USA since the 1920s.
Coronary Artery Disease
Condition where fats build up on the walls of the arteries.
Heart attack
Condition where blood supply to the heart is cut off.
Stroke
Condition where blood supply to the brain is cut off.
Heat cramps
Muscle cramps caused by heat and water loss.
Heat stroke
Severe condition with hot, dry, flushed skin, rapid pulse, lack of sweat, dizziness or unconsciousness, which can be fatal due to heat and water loss.
Hypothermia
Condition when body temperature drops abnormally low.
Hypertension
High blood pressure; the force of blood pushing against artery walls.
Systolic pressure
Pressure on arteries immediately after the heart beats.
Diastolic pressure
Pressure on arteries just before the next heartbeat.
Artery
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Vein
Blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.
Primary risk factors for heart disease
Inactivity, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high body fat percentage, diabetes.
Secondary risk factors for heart disease
Stress and excessive use of alcohol.
Diabetes
Condition where sugar levels are not regulated and tissue does not use insulin effectively.
Obesity
Classified as a disease; rate in teens increased from 5% to 18% since 1980.
Osteoporosis
Condition where bone structure deteriorates and bones become porous.
Principle of Overload
Increased demand on the body forces it to adapt.
Principle of Progression
Gradual increase in intensity of exercise.
Principle of Specificity
Specific training yields specific results.
Physical Activity Pyramid
Guideline for accumulating 60 minutes of physical activity per day, focusing on all parts of the pyramid.
RICE
Treatment method for injuries: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
Delayed injury
Injury that doesn’t immediately cause pain/soreness
Side stitch
Type of pain a person experiences in the side of the lower abdomen while exercising
Overuse injury
Damage occurs to bones, muscles, or other tissues due to excessive exercise
Biomechanics
Principles concerning physics and engineering that help living organisms function
Fitness level
Factor which plays an important role in determining how strenuously and when you exercise
Cancer
Disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells
Atherosclerosis
Buildup of substances on the inner walls of the arteries
Injury
Health problem caused by doing too much physical activity
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Blood pressure
The force exerted by blood against a blood vessel wall
Diastolic Pressure
The lowest pressure exerted by blood in your arteries
Osteoporosis
Condition which occurs when bones become porous and lose their strength
Lordosis
Condition is characterized by having too much arch in the lower back
Systolic pressure
Highest pressure exerted by blood in your arteries
Activity neurosis
Condition in which people continue exercising despite being ill or injured
FITT Principle
Frequent, Intensity, Time, Type Principle
Step 1 of physical activity pyramid
Moderate physical activity - walking, yardwork, bowling
Step 2 of physical activity pyramid
Vigorous Aerobics (w/ oxygen) - Jogging, biking, swimming
Step 3 of physical activity pyramid
Vigorous Sport and recreation - tennis, soccer, skating, skiing
Step 4 of physical activity pyramid
Muscle fitness exercises - Resistance training, calisthenics - lift weights every other day
Step 5 of physical activity pyramid
Flexibility - stretch to tension NOT PAIN
Sprain
injury of ligaments (bone to bone)
Strain
Injury of muscle or tendon (muscle to bone)