OCT 507 Exam 1

Activity

objective form of action that can be selected to enhance occupational engagement, has little to no personal meaning

Ex: putting on socks

Health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease

Occupation

central to life and well-being, personalized and meaningful engagement in daily life, can be used as both a means and an end

Occupational therapy

practice that uses goal directed activity to promote independence and function

3 goals of OT we must understand

1. What they need to do

2. What they want to do

3. What is expected for them to do

Main categories of occupation

1. ADLs

2. Instrumental ADLs

3. Health management

4. Education

5. Work

6. Play

7. Leisure

8. Sleep

9. Social participation

3 ways OT contributes to health

warn of problems, protect and prevent, prompt and reward

4 types of OT practitioners

OTR/L, OTA, OT aide, OTS

Barriers to health-giving occupations

poverty, disease, social discrimination, natural disasters

Influences that OT arose from

social reform, industrialization, civil rights, economic shifts, globalization, world wars

Age of Enlightenment

Ideas rapidly spreading, great artists and composers flourished at this time, corruption was challenged

Moral treatment movement

1700s-1800s

All people entitled to consideration and human compassion, engagement in simple work tasks promoted health

William Tuke - father of MTM

Arts and crafts movement

Started in England late 1800s, return to artistic design, value of using one's hands to make items

Connected people to their work = physically and mentally healthier

William Rush Dunton

coined "occupation therapy" and is father of OT, introduced crafts for hospitalized patients

Settlement House Movement

Originated in London, England at Toynbee hall in 1884

Hull House

Established by Jane Adams and Ellen Gates in 1889 in the US, became a hub for social reform

Eleanor Clark Slagle

mother of OT, influenced by Hull House, known for habit training

George Barton

changed term to "occupational therapy"

National Society for Promotion of OT (NSPOT)

1917, mission was to study and advance curative options, OT founded in the midst of WW1

Adolf Meyer

Swiss physician who came to US, offered holistic perspective, wanted to use meaningful activity to promote health

Habit training

Slagle and Meyer

Came from WW1- reconstruction movement and biomechanical approach

Herbert Hall

Massachusets physician, had a work-based approach, had patients engage in weaving, basketry, pottery

WW1 significance for OT

1914-1918, first time OT was being used in rehab for physical disability rather than mental disability, role of rehab aide was developed

NSPOT became AOTA in what year

1921

WW2 significance for OT

New demand for OTs, shifts from arts and crafts movement to rehab techniques based on scientific methods

New demand led to War Emergency courses to quickly train OTs

Development of prosthetics

Medicare

Established in 1965, increased the demand for OT, provided healthcare to seniors and those with disabilities, changed in 1988 to allow treatments to include OTs

Rehabilitation movement

1940-1960s

Increase in VA hospitals, increase polio cases with epidemic

1956- demand for OTA programs

1960s- modernization of medical equipment

Capitol Crawl

March 12, 1990

Convinced Congress to pass the ADA

Demonstrated need for ramps, wider bathroom stalls, etc

Jennifer Keelan-Chaffins

born with cerebral palsy, crawled up steps of Capitol during Capitol Crawl

Americans with Disabilities Act -1990s

Provided civil rights to all individuals with disabilities

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Requires school districts to educate students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment

Trends from Slagle lectures

Holism, social connections and contexts, therapeutic relationship, professional continuity, evidence, promoting OT

OT's Professional Paradigm Holistic

client-centered, evidence-based, systems-oriented

1930s and 1940s significance

Great Depression

Diseases on the Rise - TB & Polio

Behaviorists: Watson, Skinner, Pavlov

Psychoanalytic: Freud, Jung, Erikson

1950s significance

- WFOT founded- World Federation of OTs

- Object relations theory

- Therapeutic use of self

- Margaret Rood- Sensorimotor therapy model

Social reform

1960s

Medicare & Medicaid

Group Dynamics

A time of models and theory development

1980s significance

Standardized Assessments and Clinical Reasoning

- Emergence of clinical reasoning

- Birth of occupational science

MOHO- occupation based model

2000-2009

Health as more than just an absence of disease, global perspectives, AOTA makes the OTPF

2010-2020

Time of social participation and professional advocacy

- Expand public awareness of the value of our OT

- Advance and expand our role inside and outside medicine

OTPF- Occupational Therapy Practice Framework

Official document of the AOTA, in its 4th edition

- Describes focus of the profession

2 parts: Domain and process

OTPF domain

range of OT body of knowledge and expertise

OTPF process

how practitioners deliver services within that domain

5 aspects of OTPF domain

occupations, client factors, contexts, performance patterns, performance skills

Client Factors

values, beliefs, spirituality, body functions and structures

- can be impacted by context and absence of body structure or function

Contexts

environment (physical or social) and personal factors (cultural, virtual, temporal)

Performance patterns

habits, routines, roles

Performance skills

motor, process, social interaction

Demonstrates a client's abilities

Habits

automatic patterns of behavior, established with repetition

Routines

sequence of occupations that provide structure for daily life

Rituals

symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural or social meaning contributing to individual identity

Roles

set of expected behaviors shaped by societal and cultural norms

Arts and Crafts movement arose from what events?

industrial revolution in Europe and US

3 main aspects of the OT process

1. Evaluation

2. Intervention

3. Targeted outcomes

Reconstructionist movement and OT

focused on retraining soldiers returning from WW1

Life course perspective

argues for recognizing the impact of sociohistorical time and place on the physical, mental, social, and emotional changes occurring within the individual

Transactional perspective

person, occupation, and environment constantly influence one another

Occupational development

how people's abilities, choices, and patterns change over time

- Begins early- even before birth

- Development is reciprocal

- Changes are not simply the result of maturation, but through participation and use