Heart quiz #2

study guide for A&P heart quiz #2

What does the first Lub sound do?

The AV valves slapped closed by ventricular contraction

What does the Dub sound do?

The SL valves slapping closed due to ventricle relaxation

What is murmur

The sound of a valve not closing completely

What is Systolic pressure?

The pressure exerted against the walls of your arteries during a contraction

What is Diastolic pressure?

The pressure exerted against the walls of your arteries during relaxation

What is Cardiac Cycle?

all the events of the heart within a single heartbeat

What is the Quiescent period?

period of total heart relaxation

What is Stroke Volume?

the volume of blood pumped out by ONE ventricle with each BEAT

What is Cardiac Output?

The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in 1 MINUTE.

What is the Cardiac output formula?

Cardiac Output= Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

What is cardiac reserve?

the difference in maximal and resting CO

What is end diastolic volume?

the amount of blood that collects in a ventricle during diastole

What is end systolic volume?

the amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted

What can happen during chronic high blood pressure?

Overworking the heart

Lead to increased Myocardial size

Stress on arteries can cause tears, leading to arteriolosclerosis

Describe Multiple myocardial infarctions

healthy tissue compensates for damaged tissue

scar tissue takes up more space

Describe Dilated cardiomyopathy

Ventricular myocardium stretched

• Becomes flabby

• Cells deteriorate

• Leading to cardiac arrest

What is ventricular fibrilation?

• Erratic electrical firing of the myocardium

• Acute myocardial infarction

• Electrical shock/defibrillation

What is second degree heart block?

Second degree heart block

What is junctional rythm?

• P-wave absent

• SA node not functioning proper

• AV node paces heart at an elevated rate

What is P-R interval?

atrial excitation to ventricle excitation (0.16 seconds)

o Sometimes call the P-Q interval

o Q-wave often absent, does not indicate a

deficiency

What is the Q-T interval?

period of ventricular depolarization to repolarization (0.38 seconds)

What is it called when the ventricles repolarize?

T-wave

What does Atria contract cause?

causes deoxygenated blood to pass through the right atrioventricular(AV) valve

What is the first thing in the conduction pathway?

SA node

What is the 2nd thing in the conduction pathway?

AV Node

What is the 3rd thing in the conduction pathway?

Bundle of HIS

What is the 4th thing in the conduction pathway?

R/L bundle branches

What is the 5th thing in the conduction pathway?

Purkinje Fibers

What is the muscle at the top of the heart called?

Atrial Musculature

What can happen to the arteries when someone has Coronary artery disease?

The arteries get clogged up

What is the muscle at the bottom half of the heart called?

Ventricular musculature

What is the first step to transduction and contraction?

SA node fires and depolarization travels down the walls of the atria.

What is the second step to transduction and contraction?

0.01 seconds after the SA node fires, the atria begin to contract

What is the third step to transduction and contraction?

Contractions propagate downward for the next 0.07 seconds depolarizing and contracting the entire atria

This is referred to as the P-wave

Last 0.08 seconds on average.

What is the 4th step to transduction and contraction?

Depolarization reaches the connective tissue zone of the heart and slows dramatically

This is referred to as the Q-wave

What is the 5th step to transduction and contraction?

Important to allow all the blood to travel from the atria into the ventricles

Last for 0.01 seconds

What wave is the first part of the QRS-complex?

The Q-wave is the first part of the QRS-complex (0.08 seconds)

What is the 6th step to transduction and contraction?

As the depolarization finally reaches the AV node and causes it to fire

What is the 7th step to transduction and contraction?

The depolarization is very rapid down the AV Bundles

What is the 8th step to transduction and contraction?

Once at the apex the depolarization travels up the Purkinje fibers

Referred to as the R-wave

What is the 9th step to transduction and contraction?

Depolarization stops but cells remain contracted

Referred to as the S-wave

What is the 10th step to transduction and contraction?

As the QRS wave ends, there is a small pause when all myocardium stays contracted

Why is there a small pause when the myocardium stays contracted?

This ensures as much blood leaves the ventricles as possible

What is the 11th step to transduction and contraction?

The ventricles then repolarize

This is referred to as the T-wave