Anthro 2AC Quiz Questions

Gertrude Caton-Thompson worked on the site ______________________ , confirming the site's local cultural origins which other archaeologists had debated.

Great Zimbabwe

According to your reading, since the mid-1990s the policy used on the US-Mexico border has been known as _____________________, driving hopeful migrants into the hostile terrain of the desert.

Prevention Through Deterrence (PTD)

Archaeologists Meg Conkey and Rosemary Joyce share a post-processual interest in common. Both advocate for:

Feminist Archaeology

The Three Age System is important because:

it identified a chronological sequence applicable to many archaeological sites, but focused on Europe.

According to lecture, statues and buildings from ancient Greece and Rome:

Were often colorful, but their colors have faded over time, leading to misconceptions about the past.

________________________ describes a group of artifacts repeatedly found together, something important for the research of archaeologists like V. Gordon Childe.

An assemblage

According to your textbook, who conducted one of the first documented archaeological excavations on land in the U.S.?

Thomas Jefferson

The analysis of the sites of the Serpent Mound and Great Zimbabwe are similar because:

archaeologists doubted the Indigenous people of both sites could have constructed these monuments.

According to Laurie Wilkie, _________ is a tool that scholars use to do research - like glasses to see the world.

Theory

According to your reading, archaeologists working on the US-Mexico border have found that shoes are most often:

Inexpensive sneakers, not well adapted to the necessities of the desert

According to your reading, Darwin's On the Origin of Species was important to archaeologists because:

it demonstrated how biological changes could occur over time through "natural selection."

18th century antiquarians, like William Stukeley working at Stonehenge, produced drawings that:

remain useful to archaeologists today because of their accuracy, which helped link sites with ancient cultures.

According to archaeologist Laurie Wilkie, knowledge is _______________, not extracted.

Constructed

Ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology are both _______________ techniques, emphasizing hypothesis-making and the scientific process in archaeological interpretation.

Processual

According to the latest analysis, large human-made mounds located along the Mississippi were built by

the ancestors of the same Native Americans who have continued to live on the land today.

Stratigraphy is useful to archaeologists because:

it allows them to identify the order in which soil layers accumulated.

According to your reading, archaeologists working on the US-Mexico border found that factory suppliers for migrants produced ____________________ in black rather than white because of the supposedly increased difficulty of spotting them in the desert.

Water bottles

During the first half of the 20th century (1900-1950), archaeologists focused on

classification of artifact types and studying evidence of migration and diffusion.

The 19th-century anthropological belief in the development of culture from primitive, to barbarous, to civilized:

is flawed because it assumes a unilinear progression of culture toward a European norm.

Uniformitarianism is the principle that:

geologic and other natural processes occurred in the same manner in the past as they do in the present.

Post-processual critique of earlier archaeological practices included:

All listed critiques are part of post-processual theories.

The site of Teotihuacan is significant for understanding the history of human thought about the past, because:

the Aztecs mythologized it as part of their supposed Toltec ancestry and identity.

According to your textbook, ______ and ________ led directly to a rise in archaeological science in the mid-twentieth century.

Radiocarbon dating and the study of DNA

Which of these best describes the time period that archaeology focuses on?

Any time when humans have existed

According to archaeologist Laurie Wilkie, "archaeological doing starts not with a trowel but with ____________."

Questions

Match the following words to their corresponding example: Artifact

A piece of a broken ceramic pot (known as a "sherd")

Match the following words to their corresponding example: Feature

A post hole (circular stains in soil left behind by rotted wooden posts)

Match the following words to their corresponding example: Ecofact

A discarded bone with markings from some form of cutlery

Religious extremism led to the destruction of the archaeological site of _______________ in 2001.

The Bamiyan Buddhas

While caves and tool-stone outcroppings are important for identifying potential archaeology sites, on the Channel Islands, archaeologists more often look for:

Shell middens

Temperate conditions:

Tend to destroy delicate materials because of fluctuating rain and relatively warm temperatures.

The sites of Vindolanda, Ozette, and San Francisco's sunken ship have an environmental condition in common:

Oxygen-low soil conditions

For Native American human remains discovered after 1990, NAGPRA stipulates they be returned to:

The most likely descendant.

According to lecture, the site of the Emeryville Shellmound:

Was excavated, poisoned, and demolished in the early 20th century to make way for a mall.

Some examples of environments where well-preserved human remains have been found include the following: (Select all that apply)

Deserts, Bogs, and Glaciers

An archaeologist encounters a bottle with an elaborate label from a local brewery, but no beer inside anymore. The bottle was likely used as:

Any of these: further testing is needed to avoid assumptions about an object's use

According to archaeologist James Delgado, the heart of San Francisco's commercial district shifted to the ________________ after the 1849 Gold Rush, meaning archaeologists should look there for clues about the city's commerce.

The waterfront and newly-constructed long wharves

NAGPRA is made more complicated because:

There is no unified Indigenous tradition that can be fit into law

According to your textbook, at the Ozette site, both the archaeologists and the Makah:

Cooperated through the involvement of elders and young people

The underwater sites of the Queen Anne's Revenge has been controversial with some doubting such a famous ship could really be recovered. According to lecture, which of these lines of evidence (among others) have helped identify the ship beyond reasonable doubt? (Select all that apply)

The ship's measurements indicating national origin and The ship's number of cannons

Which of the following could be considered a feature in archaeology? (Select all that apply)

The brick foundation remains of a house and A hearth where a fire was built for cooking food and A road indicating the path of a procession

An archaeologist who is interested in studying change-over-time would use a _______________ analysis.

Diachronic

Which of the following is an example of an ecofact?

A soil sample, gathered near a feature

According to the most recent analysis, Kennewick Man is closely genetically linked with:

The Colville or other tribes from the Kennewick, Washington area.

According to the Atalay et al 2017 comic book reading, how should Historical Societies and Private Collectors handle human remains?

While they are not subject to NAGPRA, they can still "do the right thing" and follow the spirit of the law to return remains.

According to lecture, Blackbeard raided Charles Towne, South Carolina in search of:

STD medicine

__________________ is a great example of both cultural and natural formation processes, representing BOTH purposeful cultural preservation and natural preservation.

King Tut

According to guest lecturer Dr. Michael Grone, archaeologists worked with the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band to identify the archaeological presence of ___________, which was important to the present-day tribal members for understanding past ecology.

Fish

According to lecture, contemporary Kashaya scholars identified an area at Fort Ross/Metini consistently swept clean of artifacts as likely evidence of:

A dance house

You are working at a site with very thick clay soil. Which screening technique is best?

Wet screening

_________________ is the best aerial reconnaissance method for dealing with extremely large scale sites.

Satellite Imaging

If historical documents indicated the presence of a baked clay hearth, _________________ would be the best remote sensing technique for distinguishing its presence from surrounding soil.

Magnetometry

If archaeologists believe there may be a hollow space underground, such as a coffin or cavity, __________________ would be the best remote sensing technique for distinguishing its presence from the surrounding soil.

Ground penetrating radar (GPR)

According to lecture, one sampling technique is especially useful for community collaborative projects. It is:

Judgemental

Please match the sampling strategy with its corresponding definition. Systematic

is fast and evenly spread across an entire site area.

Please match the sampling strategy with its corresponding definition. Stratified Random

involves dividing the site into different areas often based on landscape features such as hills/valleys or rivers.

Please match the sampling strategy with its corresponding definition. Stratified Unaligned Systematic

combines techniques by dividing the study area into equally sized locations, followed by random locations within them.

Please match the sampling strategy with its corresponding definition. Random

is inherently biased since clusters of locations can appear anywhere within it.

According to lecture, archaeologists working at Metini/Fort Ross found that chips of stone from tool making decreased over time, while similar chips of class increased over time. This suggests that:

Kashaya Pomo technology adapted to include new materials.

According to lecture, in the field, should archaeologists use knee pads?

YES! Always take care of your body in physical labor situations.

Which of these important dig kit items was not present in Professor Lowman's dig kit, but would be important in any field setting as part of taking care of your body?

Sunscreen

_______________ describes an excavation method that is especially useful for long-occupied or very old sites that require a lot of depth, like Catalhoyuk (in lecture).

Step trenching

According to your textbook, is there a quantitative bias toward more recent times when archaeologists focus only on surface finds?

While there is some, surprisingly most surface surveys are multi-period.

According to your textbook, LiDAR renders are especially useful because:

The angle of the sun can be digitally manipulated to view the landscape in optimal lighting.

During work with the Kashaya Pomo, archaeologists worked with Kashaya cultural laws that separate sacred and earthly places. Because of that:

Archaeology needed to be reframed as a spiritual practice, since it dealt with ancestors.

Archaeologists working at Head-Smashed-In-Buffalo-Jump have found the following bison bones: 7 right femurs, 10 left femurs, 15 various ribs, and 5 skulls. What is the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI)?

10

____________ refers to the systematic organization of artifacts based on shared attributes like style, size, color, or material.

Typology

______________ form as plants take up silica from groundwater, creating unique shapes and textures.

Phytoliths

In a single stratigraphic later, you find three coins, dated 1685, 1700, and 1705. There is a fourth coin that could be from any time between 1690 and 1710, but it is not definite. What is the TPQ for the deposit?

1705, the latest definite date

An archaeologist determines that only 12.5 percent of an ecofact's original carbon-14 remains. How many years old is the ecofact?

17,190 (half life x 3)

Which of the following faunal remains are most widely useful for archaeologists for determining ancient environmental conditions?

Microfauna such as microscopic organisms, insects, and rodents

According to Q&A lecture, the green glass bottle with "u like . . . ikes y" written on it turned out to be from a:

19th century beer bottle

An archaeologist finds a well-preserved timber-framed structure with signs of burning. Is it possible to find an absolute date for the structure without chemical analysis?

Yes: the tree rings could likely be cross-dated with other tree rings even without lab analysis.

A shell bead is found lower in the ground than a plastic bead. Is the shell bead older?

Not necessarily. It depends on the depth of layers rather than the depth of objects.

_______________ refers to a stylistic sequence made through comparing rises and falls in the popularity of a particular object's design.

Seriation

At the time of death, living things:

Cease to absorb carbon-14 through carbon dioxide.

As Dr. Jillian Swift's research has shown, chemical isotope analysis is particularly useful for considering ancient diets. Why is this?

All of these are true.

According to your textbook, radiocarbon dating must be calibrated. This is because:

Atmospheric concentration of carbon-14 has changed over time, especially before 1000 BCE

Amberat is ________________.

Hardened rodent urine useful for ecofact preservation.

An ancient pot was discovered in a Chinese tomb with many identical impressions baked into its surface that match the shape of the seeds of a watermelon. Which of the following can be determined based on the pot?

The maker of the pot had access to a watermelon seed.

According to the Kirch 2004 reading, Pacific islands can be described as excellent laboratories for studying human-influenced environmental change because they:

1. Serve as individual historical experiments

2. Are often isolated and limited in size

3. Humans are often a new taxon on the island

4. Are usually fairly recently settled by humans

New research based on footprints found in the US southwest suggests humans may have been in North America before 21,000 years ago. 21,000 years ago was the radiocarbon date of organic material in the layer above the footprints. Therefore, this layer functioned as a:

TAQ (date before which)

According to lecture, the term "Two-Spirit"

Is a recent term that some people have embraced to describe multiple Native North American genders

Upon Ishi's death in 1916, what happened?

His body was autopsied against his will and his brain sent to the Smithsonian.

While skeletal differences can be related to an individual's ancestry, it is very difficult to identify an individual's ______________ based on skeletal analysis alone.

Race

The skeleton of a child is found with a narrow pelvis. Which of the following is likely?

The child could be male or female: children's skeletons are difficult to assign sex.

You have only fragmentary bones from an individual. A microscopic examination of ________________ could be used to determine their approximate age at death.

Osteons

You are interested in learning the age of an individual based on their skeleton. Which part of the anatomy is most likely to indicate age?

Teeth

Traditional Ecological Knowledge, or TEK, includes:

All of these

The natural frequency of ______________ helps archaeologists estimate the natural fire return interval for an environment without human presence.

Lightning

According to the class on Museum Anthropology, which of the following famous artifacts is the only one to have been successfully repatriated from museums?

Gold artifacts from Machu Picchu

Paleopathology refers to:

The study of ancient diseases through examination of human remains.

According to the Hannibal reading, in 2003 archaeologists located Quiroste, which was important because:

It was Native Californian village from the time of early European accounts of California's environments

What kind of fuels create the easiest path for wildfires to reach the canopy in a forest setting?

Ladder fuels

Fire was important to Native Californians because (check all that apply):

1. It created clearings for desirable plants

2. It lessened the danger of catastrophic burns

Upon first arriving in California, European explorers recorded environments that were:

Swampy and lush

The style of pottery known as _____________________ is important for the African diaspora because it was often made by enslaved individuals, and later rejected following emancipation.

Colonoware

The 1882 Exclusion Act targeted which specific group of Chinese immigrants? (Later acts would expand the categories until 1924, when almost all Chinese immigration was barred).

Laborers

According to lecture, "ketchup" is likely of ________________ origin.

Cantonese

Gerry Low-Sabado was important for work at the Arboretum Chinese Quarters. Before excavation began, she asked:

To conduct a ceremony of remembrance for ancestors.