3.6Quantum Theory and Electron Configurations

These flashcards cover key concepts related to quantum theory, electron configurations, and the properties of atoms as presented in the lecture notes.

What concept explains that particles can exhibit wave-like behavior and vice versa?

Wave-Particle Duality of Matter

Who proposed the equation that relates the wavelength of a particle to its velocity and mass?

Louis de Broglie

What is the principle that limits the ability to know both the position and momentum of a particle exactly?

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

What is the quantum number that indicates the energy level of an electron?

Principal Quantum Number (n)

What does the angular momentum quantum number (l) define?

The shape of the orbitals in a sublevel (subshell).

Which rule states that every orbital in a sublevel must be singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied?

Hund's Rule

What is the abbreviated electron configuration for phosphorus (atomic number 15)?

[Ne] 3s2 3p3

What exception to the Aufbau principle involves electrons shifting from the 4s to the 3d subshells for added stability?

Anomalous Electron Configurations

Which element has a total of 3 valence electrons and its electronic configuration includes 4s² and 3d¹?

Scandium (Sc)

What is the relationship between valence electrons and chemical properties in elements of the same group?

Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties due to having the same number of valence electrons.

What is the general idea of the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

Electrons are described as waves and particles, and their behaviors can be predicted using quantum mechanics.