Cap Preliminar Vocabulario y Gramática - Video Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering informal/formal you, greetings, courtesies, common phrases, basic verbs (ser/estar), location/preposition terms, numbers and dates concepts, and cognates.

tú

you; informal, used with someone on a first-name basis (child, close friend, or relative)

usted

you; formal/respectful; used with doctors, professors, strangers, or someone you don’t know well

mucho gusto

Nice to meet you; a common greeting when meeting someone for the first time

encantado / encantada

delighted to meet you (masculine/feminine form)

igualmente

likewise; used as a response to mucho gusto

buenos días

good morning; used until lunchtime

buenas tardes

good afternoon; used after lunch until nightfall

buenas noches

good evening or good night

¿Qué tal?

How is it going?; less formal than the other greetings

adiós

goodbye; used when you don’t expect to see the other person for a while

chao

informal goodbye

hasta luego

see you later

hasta mañana

see you tomorrow

hasta pronto

see you soon

por favor

please

gracias

thank you

de nada

you're welcome

lo siento

I'm sorry (to hear that)

con permiso

pardon me; may I pass or get someone's attention

perdón

pardon me; excuse me; used after interrupting or stepping on someone

ser

to be; used to identify and describe permanent characteristics (e.g., Ella es inteligente)

estar

to be; used for location or temporary states (e.g., La computadora está sobre la mesa)

hay

there is / there are; used for existence of something

dónde está

where is/are? (to ask location)

al lado de

next to

delante de

in front of

detrás de

behind

encima de

on top of

debajo de

under

enfrente de

in front of / facing

entre

between

sobre

on, on top of; above

el primero

the first (day of the month); uso del primero versus uno

uno

one; used for counting; use un/una before nouns (e.g., un borrador, una mochila)

cognates / cognados

Cognates are words in two languages with the same origin and similar form/meaning; cognados are Spanish equivalents; false cognates exist where meanings differ

lectura

reading; false cognate example (not the same as 'lecture')

cognados (cognates)

Words that look/sound similar in Spanish and English and have the same origin and meaning

ser (to be)

to be used for permanent characteristics or identity (e.g., Es activo y serio)

estar (to be)

to be used for location or temporary states (e.g., Está en la clase)

la Alfabeto / el alfabeto

alphabet; 27 letters in modern Spanish including ñ; special letters and sounds

ñ (eñe)

the letter ñ; a sound not in English; similar to ni/ny in onion and canyon

rr (erre doble)

rolled 'r'; occurs between vowels (e.g., perro); single r occurs at word start

el primero de julio

example phrase: the first of July