henry’s actions to deal with dynastic rebellions and pretenders

how long was the lovell-stafford rebellion?

one month in 1486

what was the main aim of the 1486 lovell-stafford rebellion?

• overthrow henry vii and replace him with an appropriate unspecified yorkist → haphazardly planned

what happened in the 1486 lovell-stafford rebellion?

• viscount lovell formed an alliance with the stafford brothers (who were hiding in sanctuary) and thomas stafford to overthrow henry vii

• april 1486 - attempted to raise troops in yorkshire and the midlands. had no yorkist claimant, support was limited

what was the outcome of the lovell-stafford rebellion?

• henry sent uncle jasper to yorkshire to pardon involved commoners → weakened support for rebellion

• support completely collapsed when rebels learnt that a king and army were headed north

• lovell escaped abroad to the court of margaret of burgundy. stafford’s fled back to sanctuary but were dragged out

• humphrey was executed and thomas imprisoned

why did the 1486 lovell stafford rebellion fail?

• lack of credible alternative to henry → few commoners were willing to support

• lovell and the stafford’s were only minor nobles with few followers

• henry’s already efficient intelligence operation tracked rebels when they fled, didn’t have time to become a threat

• the rebellion lacked backing from overseas

how serious was the threat of the 1486 lovell-stafford rebellion?

• 3/10

• lacked enough popular leadership to impose a physical threat, through poor organisation ad leadership contributing to a lack of appeal

• easily suppressed

• little support for rebellion

• BUT lovell escaping to margaret of burgundy would be problematic for henry

what actions did henry take to effectively deal with the 1486 lovell stafford rebellion?

• acted rapidly to stop rebellion from gaining traction

• sent uncle jasper who used tactical leniency by issuing pardons to manipulate already waning support to collapse rebellion

• utilised a successful well established intelligence network to remove aftermath of rebel threat too

how long did the lambert simnel threat last?

one month

what happened as a part of the 1487 lambert simnel rebellion?

• jan 1487 - simnel taken to yorkist ireland

• earl of kildare crowned simnel king of england in dublin

• henry responded by parading the ‘real’ EOW around the streets of london

• rebellion forces landed in lancashire

• no major nobility declared their support

• earl of northumberland led some of henry’s forces

• battle of stoke 1847

• earl of lincoln killed

who supported lambert simnel?

• earl of lincoln - a real yorkist heir who may lay claim in the future

• earl of kildare

• margaret of burgundy (paid for mercenaries) and viscount lovell

how large were the simnel rebellion’s supporters when they landed in Lancashire?

• 2000 germans

• 4500 ill disciplined irish

• no more than 1500 english supporters

why did no major english nobility declare their support for the simnel rebellion?

• intimidated after seeing how henry dealt with the lovell-stafford rebellion AND the treatment of nobility after bosworth, wanted to prove loyalty to regain their property

• fatigued from the war of the roses

• henry vii’s 1486 royal progress in the area reduced local support

what did the military forces look like at the battle of stoke?

• henry vii - 12000 men

• simnel - 8000 men (not all fully committed to the cause)

• close call, henry could’ve lost his throne if simnel was successful

what was the outcome for the 14867 lambert simnel rebellion?

• earl of lincoln was killed

• simnel was captured and put into the king’s service in the royal kitchen

• other yorkist leaders punished with severe fines

• earlier of kildare reinstated as lord deputy of ireland despite treasonous act → no other magnate was powerful enough to manage ireland

why did the 1487 lambert simnel rebellion fail?

• simnel was a clear pretender and only 12 y/o.

• simnel was a puppet for foreign interests and struggled to gain english support

• treatment of nobility after bosworth - reluctant to display loyalty other than to the king in order to get their property back

• exhaustion and poverty

• bad behaviour of undisciplined irish troops

analysis of the battle of stoke

• battle of stoke was close - henry would’ve lost throne if he lost → when lincoln was killed it was clear they’d lose

• yorkists had little support from major nobles, same for henry’s army, with only oxford and derby as key supporters. northumberland joined army but allegiance was so suspect, never made it to battle

how serious a threat was the lambert simnel rebellion 1487?

• 5/10

• vaster support in comparison to 1486 lovell-stafford due to substantial foreign backing

• greater impact due to being so early in henry’s reign, prior to full consolidation

• had stronger claims involved i.e. earl of lincoln

• inspired more false claimants in the future

• threat of the battle of stoke

what actions did henry take to deal with the lovell-stafford rebellion effectively?

• used foresight → paraded the ‘real’ EOW around streets of london to deter potential supporters and illegitimise simnel AND use of royal progress 1486

• rapid, sizeable, loyal force as part of a military response, disciplined

• use of tactical leniency to simnel and other yorkist leaders only fining them.

how long did the perkin warbeck rebellion last?

8 years from 1491-1499

what were the main aims/causes of the perkin warbeck rebellion 1491-99?

• attempted by the house of york to create a plausible pretender to rally support.

• european politics

• warbeck’s extensive foreign support was the product of attempts to reduce the threat of england or take it over

what foreign backers did perkin warbeck have?

• holy roman emperor maximilian i

• king james iv of scotland

• margaret of burgundy

• king charles viii of france

• cornish commoners

what treaties did henry make with foreign backers of the warbeck rebellion to limit the threat?

• 1491 treaty of etaples - charles viii of france

• 1497 truce of ayton - james iv of scotland, promised margaret tudor’s hand in marriage

• 1502 treaty of aachen - maximilian i

in 1492 who did henry’s intelligence discover warbeck to truly be?

spies from flanders discovered he was the son of a cloth trader from france

timeline of the events of the warbeck rebellion 1491-1495

1491 - warbeck appeared in ireland pretending to be richard DOY with backing from france

1492 - warbeck moved to burgundy with support of margaret of burgundy and HRE. henry’s spies discovered his true identity. the betrayal of sir william stanley was discovered.

1495 - warbeck attempted to land a mercenary army in kent, opposed by kentish forces and they never made is ashore. warbeck returned to ireland but was unsuccessful in attracting support, went to scotland

what were king james’ intentions of supporting warbeck?

how did henry deal with it?

• became warbeck’s biggest supporter after 1495

• aimed to place a puppet on the english throne through supporting him to invade england in 1497

• henry’s spy in the scottish army reported the scot invasion couldn’t last more than a week, running short on supplies with locals being hostile and dispersed as they heard a british army was heading north

• july 1947 - henry raised £60,000 to equip a suitable army

• james expelled warbeck and agreed to the truce of ayton 1497, promised marriage to margaret tudor

how did the 1491-99 warbeck rebellion end?

• 1497 - warbeck went south west in hope of gaining support from the ongoing cornish rebellion. when he arrived the cornish rebellion was over, but was able to monetise off the remaining resentment towards henry

• warbeck gathered 8000 men and reached exeter, but few were fully committed

• henry persuaded warbeck to surrender and treated him generously

• when warbeck attempted to escape the tower with ‘the earl of warwick’ they were executed in 1499

why did the warbeck rebellion fail?

• warbeck depended on others for power, vulnerable to changes in her plans

• cornish support was weak, based off of resentment from previous rebellions

• henry was more firmly establish, nobility less likely to betray him

• efficiency of henry’s intelligence service, discovered warbeck’s true identity and neutralised potential supporters with the threat of bonds before the landing in kent

how serious was the threat of warbeck?

• 7/10

• long term persistent threat that was initially severe but waned through the loss of support

• became more threatening due to widespread, international influences that encourage conflict within europe.

• 5 invasions and 2 escapes attempted

what actions did henry take to effectively deal with the warbeck rebellion 1491-99?

• utilised a widespread intelligence network, at home and abroad, could anticipate and prepare for warbeck’s next steps. able to take preventative measures

• failed due to lack of popular support encouraged by failure of previous rebellions an development of international treaties

why was edmund de la pole a threat to henry vii?

• younger brother of the earl of lincoln who died at the battle of stoke

• 1501 - fled to flanders, sought refuge at the court of HRE, encouraged by the deaths of arthur 1502 and elizabeth 1503

• claimed to be the true heir to the throne

how did henry deal with the threat of edmund de la pole?

1506 Treaty of Windsor - philip of burgundy agreed to hand over edmund de la pole where he was imprisoned in the tower for the rest of henry’s reign and was executed by henry viii in 1513

how was richard de la pole a threat to henry?

• the white rose edmund de la pole’s brother

• killed fighting FOR hre in 1525

• never directly challenged henry for the throne

how severe was the threat of the de la pole brothers?

• 2/10

• never sought to gain popular support or stage a rebellion, remained a localised threat

• posed a threat through mere existence and relatively strong claim

how was the earl of warwick a threat to henry?

• nephew of richard iii and edward iv

• 10 years old in 1485 when henry came to power, most obvious yorkist claimant, had stronger hereditary claim to henry

• captured in 1485 and confined to the tower of london

• accused of plotting with perkin warbeck and executed in 1499

how severe a threat did the earl of warwick pose to henry?

• threatening in the respect of acting as a figurehead to encourage rebellion or force claimants

• could’ve been dead, state of existence unknown but either way never sought to stage a rebellion since under control of henry or death