Unit 2 Test: History of Astronomy
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What does archaeoastronomy study?
How ancient cultures understood and used the sky
When did ancient farmers know when to plant crops?
By observing the position of celestial bodies and seasonal changes.
What are the Great Pyramids of Giza aligned with?
The 3 Orion’s Belt
What did Stonehenge align with?
The sun during the summer and winter solstice
What astronomical event does the Chichen Itza align with?
The equinoxes
What appeared on Chichen Itza steps during an equinox?
A shadow resembling a serpent
What was the purpose of the Jantar Mantar observatory?
measure time and track celestial bodies
Which universe model did Copernicus develop?
The heliocentric model, which places the Sun at the center of the universe
What was Galileo’s contribution to telescopes?
He improved telescope design increasing magnification to about 20 times what can be seen with the naked eye
Who invented the telescope?
Hans Lippershey
Who invented the reflecting telescope?
Isaac Newton
How does a reflecting telescope gather light?
It uses mirrors
How does a refracting telescope gather light?
It uses lenses.
Who explained that gravity is a curvature of space-time caused by mass?
Albert Einstein
What did adaptive optics due for telescopes?
improved image resolution by correcting distortions caused by Earth's atmosphere.
What country launched Sputnik 1
USSR
Which star helped Polynesian sailors navigate across oceans?
Polaris, also known as the North Star
What is Galileo known as the “father of?”
modern observational astronomy
Which church opposed Galileo’s support of the heliocentric model of the universe?
The Catholic Church
What type of energy on the electromagnetic spectrum does the James Webb Space Telescope observe?
Infrared energy
What location in space is the James Webb telescope located?
L2
What was the space race?
A Cold War competition between the USA and the USSR in space exploration
Who was the first human in space?
Yuri Gagarin
This was a prehistoric tomb in Ireland built around 3200 BC aligning with the winter solstice
Newgrange
Which view of the universe had the Earth in the center?
The geocentric model
Who was the first American in space?
Alan Shepard
First American to orbit the Earth.
John Glenn
First woman in space
Valentina Tereshkova