MSK Examination and Intervention Overview

MSK Topics

Categories including Physical Therapy Examination, Foundations for Evaluation, Differential Diagnosis, & Prognosis, and Interventions.

Physical Therapy Examination

Includes Anatomy, Physiology, Tests, Movement analysis, and Biomechanics.

Foundations for Evaluation, Differential Diagnosis, & Prognosis

Covers Differential Diagnosis of MSK conditions, Connective tissue, Plan of care, and Pharma management.

Interventions

Focuses on Rehabilitation, Daily activities, Complications, and Environmental factors.

Long Sitting test

Assesses posterior rotation of pelvis.

Closed vs. Open chain for strengthening

Differentiates between types of exercises for muscle strengthening.

Eccentric muscle action

Generates more force than concentric muscle action.

Rule of 6

Refers to recovery timelines of 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months for major surgeries like rotator cuff.

Janda's Crossed Syndromes

A concept in physical therapy related to muscle imbalances.

Forward head posture exercise combination

Strengthen the deep cervical flexors and stretch the sternocleidomastoids and upper cervical extensors.

Lateral femoral condyle

Flatter, does not extend as far distally, and projects further posteriorly compared to the medial condyle.

Screw home mechanism

Describes the lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur at full extension.

Unlocking the knee motion

Lateral (External) rotation of the femur on the tibia occurs when going from position A to position B.

Strengthening example for G. Med

Illustrates a specific exercise approach for strengthening.

Neck problems exercise combinations

Strengthen the deep cervical flexors and sternocleidomastoids and stretch the upper cervical extensors.

Superior glide of the patella

Motion that can occur during knee movements.

Lateral (External) rotation of the tibia

A possible motion during knee unlocking.

Lateral (External) rotation of the femur

A motion that occurs during knee unlocking.

Major Surgeries recovery timelines

Refers to the recovery periods of 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months.

Astrologer prediction

Involves supination of forearms to connect ulnar sides of hands.

Palmar creases

The appearance of a half moon shape in these creases is linked to the astrologer's prediction.

Complications in rehabilitation

Factors that may affect the rehabilitation process.

Environmental factors in rehabilitation

External conditions that can influence rehabilitation outcomes.

Long axis distraction at the knee joint

A technique used in physical therapy to mobilize the knee joint.

Concentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while generating force.

Eccentric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while generating force.

Isometric contraction

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle generates force without changing length.

Shoulder abduction

Movement of the arm away from the body in the coronal plane.

Excessive upward rotation of the left scapula

A condition where the left scapula rotates excessively upward during shoulder abduction.

Weakness of serratus anterior

A condition that may contribute to scapular winging and excessive upward rotation.

Weakness of lower trapezius

A condition that may lead to poor scapular control and excessive rotation.

Weakness of rhomboid major & minor

A condition that may affect scapular stability and positioning.

Weakness of pectoralis major

A condition that may influence shoulder movement and stability.

Surgical repair of full thickness rotator cuff tear

A procedure to fix a complete tear in the rotator cuff muscles.

Passive and assisted movement

Therapeutic techniques used to promote mobility in a patient post-surgery.

Conventional Approach for Achilles Tendon Repair

6 weeks immobilization and non-weight bearing.

Early Remobilization Approach for Achilles Tendon Repair

Initiation of movement immediately after surgery or after 1 or 2 weeks.

Phase 1 rehabilitation (Achilles Tendon Repair)

Active ROM of non-immobilized joints and muscle setting exercises of dorsiflexors, invertors, evertors, and plantarflexors at 2 weeks.

Weight-shifting activities

Activities performed in bilateral stance while wearing an orthosis when partial weight bearing is permitted.

R ankle instability

A condition characterized by a lack of stability in the right ankle, often following an injury.

Lateral ankle sprain

An injury to the ligaments on the outside of the ankle.

Ibuprofen

A medication used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Strength on MMT

Manual Muscle Testing results indicating the strength of the muscles.

Heel raise

An exercise to strengthen the calf muscles, which the patient is unable to perform.

Positive special test

A clinical test result indicating a specific injury or condition.

Achilles Tendon Repair

Surgical procedure to repair the Achilles tendon.

Weight bearing

The act of putting weight on a limb or joint.

Conventional Approach

6 weeks immobilization and non-weight bearing.

Early Remobilization Approach

Initiating movement immediately after surgery or after 1 or 2 weeks.

Phase 1 (Up to 4-to-6 weeks)

Initial rehabilitation phase focusing on active ROM and muscle setting.

Active ROM

Active range of motion exercises for non-immobilized joints.

Muscle setting exercise

Exercises targeting dorsiflexors, invertors, evertors, and plantarflexors at 2 weeks post-op.

R ankle instability

Condition characterized by instability in the right ankle, often following an injury.

Tenderness to palpation

Sensitivity or pain felt when an area is pressed or touched.

Strength on MMT

Muscle strength assessment showing L ankle 5/5, R ankle PF 2/5, DF 4/5, Inversion 4/5, eversion 4/5.

Anterior drawer test

A special test used to assess ankle instability.

Lachman test

A special test primarily used to assess knee stability.

Thompson test

A special test to assess the integrity of the Achilles tendon.

Apley's test

A special test used for assessing meniscal tears in the knee.

CAM boot

A controlled ankle motion boot used for immobilization and support post-surgery.

Heel raises in standing

An exercise that involves lifting the heel off the ground while standing.

Active Insufficiency

The inability of a two joint muscle to shorten simultaneously at both joints.

Passive Insufficiency

The inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen simultaneously at both joints.

Two / Multi-Joint Muscles

Muscles that cross more than one joint and can exhibit active and passive insufficiency.

Proper shoe modification

Adjustments to footwear to accommodate recovery and improve function post-injury.

Active Insufficiency

The inability of a two joint muscle to shorten simultaneously at both joints

Passive Insufficiency

The inability of a two joint muscle to lengthen simultaneously at both joints

Step 1

Name of the Muscle

Step 2

Is it a two joint muscle?

Step 3

End Range? Function of the muscle?

Step 4

Active or Passive

Practice Question 6

Active insufficiency of right iliopsoas will be caused by?

Practice Question 7

What is the MOST likely cause of reduced hip flexion with knee extension?

Practice Question 8

Which of the following orthotic would MOST LIKELY benefit a patient with excessive foot pronation?

Stretch vs. Strengthen

Forward head posture

Closed vs. Open chain

Screw home mechanism

Eccentric vs. Concentric

Shoulder rotators

Rule of 6

6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months for major surgeries like rotator cuff/ Achilles tendon repair

Kinematic Chain

A concept related to the movement of body segments

Foot Pain Intervention

Providing an orthotic to relieve pain from excessive foot pronation

Lymphatic System Class

Thursday 2/15: Lymphatic System at 5 pm PST

Neuro Examination Class

Saturday 2/17: Neuro Examination at 8:30 am PST

APTA CSM

See us at APTA CSM in Boston MA at Booth #11054

NPTEFF Mixer

Stop by our NPTEFF Mixer on Friday 7pm-9pm EST at The Boston Convention Center