2.1 - Properties of Carbon & Chemical Reactions

covalent bond

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

ionic bond

a chemical bond that involves the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

reactant

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

product

a substance produced in a chemical reaction

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

atom

the basic unit of a chemical element.

proton

subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

neutron

subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

electron

subatomic particle that has a negative charge

valence electrons

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

atomic mass

the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

element

pure substance made of only one kind of atom

compound

substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

ion

atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

isotope

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

radioactive decay

the process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation resulting in the transformation of one element into another.