HOSA Veterinary Science Test

Caudal

toward the tail

Rostral

toward the nose

Dorsal

pertaining to the back

Ventral

Pertaining to underside

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Position farther from the median plane

peripheral

Outermost part or surface of an organ or part of

Central

Near the more proximal areas of the body

Superficial

Near the surface of the body

Deep

away from the surface

Adjacent

next to or adjoining something else

Proximal

Nearer to the center of the body

Distal

farther from the center of the body

Oblique

At an angle or pertaining to an angle

Recumbent

lying down

Supine

lying face up

prone/pronation

lying face down

Palmar

Caudal surface of the front foot distal

Planter

Caudal surface of the back foot distal

adbuction

movement away from the midline

Adduction

Movement toward the midline

Flexion

bending a joint

Extension

Straightening of a joint

Occlusal

chewing surface

Buccal

cheek area

Lingual

pertaining to the tongue

Contact

Surface of a tooth facing an adjacent or opposing tooth

Mesial

Surface of the tooth closest to the midline

Articular surface

bone forms a joint with another bone

Condyle

Large convex articular surface usually found on the distal ends of the long bones that make up the limbs

Foreman

A hole in a bone through which blood vessels and nerve usually pass

Fossa

A depression in a bone usually occupied by a muscle or tendon

Bone head

A small convex articular surface usually found on the proximal ends of some limb bones.

Neck of a bone

Often narrowed area that connects a bone head with the rest of the bone

A process, tuber, tubercle, tuberosity, or trochanter

a lump or bump on the surface of a bone.

Sutures

immovable joints

Costal cartilages

connect the ribs to the sternum

intercostal spaces

spaces between the ribs

Sternebrae

series of rod like bones that make up the sternum

Thoracic limb

forelimb

Pelvic limb

hind limb

From proximal to distal, the bones of the thoracic limb are

Scapula, Humerus, Radius and Ulna, Carpal bones, Metacarpal bones, and Phalanges

Scapula

shoulder blade

brachium

upper arm

Radius

Main weight-bearing bone of the antebrachium

Ulna

Snug-fitting elbow joint with the condyle of the humerus

Olecranon

point of elbow

Carpus

wrist

Phalanges

bones of the digits

Bones of the pelvic limb (proximal to distal)

Pelvis, femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges

Acetabulum

The socket portion of the ball-and socket hip joint

Femur

Long bone of the thigh region

Gluteal

rump

Patella

kneecap

Tibia

Main weight bearing bone of the distal leg

Fibula

Very small, sometimes incomplete bone

seasmoid bones

Located in tendons that change direction sharply at joints

Tarsus

ankle

tuberosity of calcaneus

heel bone

Os penis

Well developed bone in the penis

Os cordis

Bone in the heart of cattle and sheep

os rostri

Strengths the snout of swine

fibrous joints

immovable, holds bones together but do not allow any movement q