SS study guide

Monroe Doctrine

The western hemisphere was off limits to the Europeans. If the Europeans stayed off American lands, they wouldn't interfere with European countries.

Texas Independence

 Americans wanted to own Mexico land, to use for slaves and a new government.

The Panic of 1837

 It was an economic crisis where many Americans lost their jobs. It affected the movement because they wanted to move to get a job.

The Donation Land Claim Act

Your Gender determined how much land you could get. It encouraged people to move westward, because if you moved west you were offered free land. 

Oregon trail problems

Nature, wildlife, food, disease,cost.

Mormon movement - Why did they move?

They moved because people were harassing them about their beliefs.

Mormon movement were they settled?

The mormons who moved settled in what would now be Utah.  

Gold rush

In 1848- 1849 when James Marshall found gold in California, The discovery of gold in California; Its impact: everyone moved west to get gold. 9,00 people moved to try to find gold thinking they would be rich. 

Oregon Trail

People wanted to move westward because many couldn't afford basic needs. Diseases were common, people stocked up on supplies, traveled together, oxen pulled wagons, camps were set up for women to cook, shelters were made for the winter. Nature got in the way and harmed travelers. 

California Trail

They took this to get to the gold. Find new lives. THe same people involved in the Oregon Trail but ended up splitting up at one point

Mormon Trail

They took the trail to get away to be able to practice and not be harassed because of their religious beliefs. The mormons built tents to sleep in and walked alongside wagons that carried supplies. They traveled and prayed in groups because they have the same religion. However people didn't like them and were not welcoming. The religion was unique because they believed in more than one wife.

Temperance

Back then, Drinking alcohol was safer than drinking water because it often carried diseases. Americans drank hard beer and cider. The Panic of 1819 made it worse. By 1830’s the average American drank 7 gallons per year. The large amount of consuming alcohol led to abuse of women and children. First people should try to stay away from hard liquor. Priest said that drinking was a mortal sin. They came together and made it so alcohol will no longer be regularly consumed. 

Education

Promoted the idea of a "common school system," made the school year longer.

Only boys were allowed to get an education. The teachers who were hired only had an education until 8th grade. Poor farmers kept their kids on the farm to work. (Couldn’t afford schools.) It was illegal for slaves to learn to read and write and also African American children were not offered any education. Young unmarried were hired for teachers because they could be paid less money than men. 1850 - half of white people were able to attend school in the midwest. Public school systems were beginning to appear all over the north part.) THey made the school year longer. Still black wouldn’t see a change. 

Prison

 Factories didn’t provide enough jobs for everyone so people ended up on the street and would get arrested for small crimes. As a result jails became very very overcrowded with people. Prisoners had no bed, no furniture, not heated and it was not clean. Mentally ill, mentally changed and kids were all kept together in large cells. The believed that Mentally ill people would never improve with treatment. They were chained to their bed, not fed and freezing.

Dorothea Dix came and visited the prison and collected information, which she later used in a campaign. She made a change in prisons. They were given beds, offered reading classes. Massachusetts opened mental health hospitals. Even though there were changes, some were still treated badly.

Market and Industrial Revolution - Economies before this

Farm families would trade and buy from locals and people they knew

Transportation Inventions

SteamBoat (used for traveling the water)

National Roads 

Turnpike (toll roads, charged)

Communication Inventions

Telegraph (used to communicate when there was slavery)

Morse Code

Farming Inventions

Cotton gin (This made it so you could clean cotton 50 times faster)

Steel plow (perfected and mass-produced by John Deere , made it possible to rip through the tough roots of prairie grasses)

Mechanical reaper ,mass-produced by Cyrus McCormick , made the harvesting of vast fields of wheat achievable for a family farmer.

Industrial Revolution Inventions

Spinning Jenny and Power loom

Industrial -impacts on Women

Made it so women could earn wedges for their family, get money and get jobs.

Eli Whitney

Patented the cotton gin, which made cleaning cotton faster and easy.