Infant Development (chapter 2) Alcohol Favorite toy as a transitional Baby’s wants and needs are the same thing Non-emotion induced tears- see two things water and salt. Emotion induced tears- water, salt,endorphins, and endoxified protiens. Toxins and endorphins reduce stress. Prolactin and oxytocin (frequency, duration, intensity) Egotistical response Bioevolutionary speaking crying is a survival instinct. Babies absorb about 10 times radiation than adults. Closer chromosomes with female chimp than a human male. culture dictates how much time we spend with our babies. Bowlby said that culture is so powerful that it can override instincts. Behaviorism theory can say that instinct do not exist in humans. About 77% of infants (12 m) 40 or more hours a week. About 8 of our babies are not raised with their parents. It matters how we raise our kids, because they will grow up and make choices for us. About 75%-80% of women said they were working for personal fulfillment. Women would rather be at work than be with their children at home. Snowball effect- To be able to read those cues, it takes times. so when you don’t spend time with them you wont pick up their cues. Quality time involves quantity. Having kid at work can also be counted as quality because they can still ask questions and make memories. It’s just about the amount of time you spend. They have the highest turnover rates than any other job Cultural feminist- belief that women are superior than men because they will never do things that women could. Feminism-men and women should be treated equally. Formula is digestible and allows you to sleep longer but when awake stomach hurts Ferberize a baby to make them sleep longer. Works for any age, put in crib, pat their back (3 time) and turn off lights and leave room Come back 20 minutes and pat back again and leave without turning light on. Next night 21, 22, 23, and increase each night. Can leave baby alone because they are starving and also since they don’t have a sense of time (they think you leave forever) We spoil babies (holding too much, pick up when crying) 1912 We spoil babies the exact why we spoil fruit, (leave them alone) Anecetipmen is also to ADHD, brain is not receiving signals Day 2 Relational play- understanding what goes with what. Stranger anxiety- you like people you don’t know at all (8-9 months) Categorical anxiety- they don’t like glasses etc. Visual cliff- she was born knowing not to go off cliff. Strange situation test- You can not measure attachment Other countries when given money for having a baby only have one baby. ( Sweden) Independence cannot be taught. Our need for sleep that drives what happens to our babies 80% world’s co-sleeping because everyone sleeps better. Moms slept with babies in the past. Needs have never changed for babies from very first baby to the ones present. According Erickson the first year is where we determine if the word is a safe place. Emotional needs for babies are as important as their physical needs. Letting a child cry it out is perceived as child abuse in other countries. You can be taken to jail and/or ticketed. (Other cultures) Formula feeding is super convenient 88% of white educated American pediatricians In American in curbs where SIDS occurred the most Royal rode to the unconscious - you will deal with the hard stuff when you are awake. Boy and girls develop differently All around the world, all babies start using words at 12 months If not start using words 12 months then might check hearing. Nouns are the first words Chomsky ( are speaking is innate) Talking to us or someone to talk for us The more you’re talked to the more you are verbal fluently The word no Bali is a country where babies that are perceived to be devine Refuse to babies on the ground up until the first 6 months 6 months ceremony 6 months can crawl, and sit up Breastfeeding, staying close proximity, co-sleeping Wearing your baby much more likely to read their cues Make them scared of the whole world Developmentally appropriate More child is held the happier they are, more nursed she will be happier (oxytocin, prolactin) We call this an ancient physiological interdependence. Advanced motor skill, more vertigo Baby is learning through the mothers experience Instinct Less crying ( more time together) Non-medicated births, baby-led breastfeeding, co-sleeping Colic can be withdrawal- formula fed - stomach issues - co-sleeping— miss mom Motor skills- body doing everything the mother is doing Lower vertigo, because you get a workout Separated from their mothers they cry Higher self esteem, they are more self -reliant- lower rates of anxiety and depression Strong sense of self Mesozoic era Two types of mammals -caching hide their young to protect them while they go look for food. Their babies can remain silent for long periods of time Their milk is very very high is protein very high is fat Caring mammals- their young are born helpless, they can’t regulate body temperature, they need constant contact with their mom for protection, their milk is low in fat and low in protein designed for continuous and on demand feeding Humans are caring mammals Monkeys, apes, Pigmies - long term breastfeeding 4-5 years Learn from experiences Babies worn long term !Kung- very very tall people They breastfeed 4-5 years Not having babies often Very sexual people Master gland- nursing often, gland stays silent Breastfeeding becomes spaced not they can have a child Not having periods Sleep 4-7 hours, period comes Baby nursing almost all the time It’s nutritional and its medicinal, and attachment formation More the baby suckle the more milk you make What kind of birth control pill- cannot breastfeed on birth control About 200 years ago the crib was introduced According to John bowlby separation form attachment figure can be physiological damaging Bowlbys primary attachment theory Tears and constant waiting for mom to return Very sad, no affect, low affect Deattachment- know she’s not going to come back Can be long term, Can impair child’s ability to form loving relationships Internal working model is our prototype for all later relationship Bowlby hypothesized in the 1940s that separation from mother can leave to chronic anxiety and depression It is impossible to measure neurotransmitters of a brain of a living human The number one cause of disability is depression Babies don’t have a concept to time Existential sense of self Dichotomy of the public and private sphere Is where you nurture and raise children Family was a man and a women and their children Three types of women Those that have to be mothers They love kids, they want take them back to their parents She doesn’t want kids, doesn’t like them Bought a house 10.5 years after they got married 600 and 25 ft 28 years old car Few months after marriage Car is no 20 years old It is not 600 and 25 ft If we breastfed for 12 months and you save 7,

What is a basic idea of Bowlby's attachment theory?

Bowlby theorized that separation from a mother can lead to chronic anxiety and depression.

What is the primary emotional need of babies according to the lecture?

Emotional needs for babies are as important as their physical needs.

What are emotion-induced tears composed of?

Emotion-induced tears contain water, salt, endorphins, and endoxified proteins.

What role do toxins and endorphins play according to the lecture?

Toxins and endorphins reduce stress.

How does culture influence parenting according to the notes?

Culture dictates how much time we spend with our babies and can override instincts.

What is the significance of the developmental stage between 12-18 months?

By 12 months, babies typically start using words, with nouns being the first words.

What is the snowball effect mentioned in the notes?

The snowball effect refers to how initial experiences can expand and impact future behaviors or situations.

What is the main idea behind the formula feeding discussion in the lecture?

Formula is digestible and allows for longer sleep, but it can lead to stomach discomfort when babies are awake.

What is 'ferberizing' a baby?

Ferberizing involves putting a baby in a crib, patting their back, and allowing them to learn to fall asleep on their own.

What is the percentile of infants reportedly raised with their parents?

About 8% of babies are not raised with their parents.

What are the main words babies are able to say by the age of 12 months?

Babies generally start saying nouns (people, places, or things) as their first words.

What is the importance of co-sleeping mentioned in the lecture?

Co-sleeping helps everyone sleep better and meets the emotional and physical needs of the baby.

What term describes the process of understanding what goes together in play according to the lecture?

Relational play refers to understanding what goes with what.

What happens when babies do not receive enough physical contact according to the notes?

Babies can cry more and may have lower self-esteem and higher rates of anxiety and depression.

What are the two types of tears referenced in the notes?

Non-emotion induced tears and emotion induced tears.

What concept explains the idea of children learning independence?

Independence cannot be taught; it develops naturally over time.

What can delayed introduction of foods do for infants?

Delaying foods can decrease food allergies.

What is a key finding about the relationship between sleep and a baby’s needs?

Our need for sleep drives what happens to our babies; if moms sleep better, so will babies.

What should be introduced at 12 months to an infant's diet?

By 12 months, the average baby can wave goodbye and hello; solid foods can begin.

What is the cultural difference in infants' crying observed in the lecture?

In Western cultures, babies can fight back tears by 12 months, while in Eastern cultures, they may not cry as their needs are met consistently.

What is the primary cause of disability mentioned in the lecture?

The number one cause of disability is depression.

What is the effect of prolonged breastfeeding according to the notes?

Prolonged breastfeeding can lead to spaced pregnancies and decreases the chance of having periods.

What is noted about infants born in specific months regarding health?

Babies born in April, May, and June are more likely to have birth defects due to pesticide exposure.