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Economic instability leads to addiction by:
Increasing vulnerability to maladaptive coping mechanisms
Lower education leads to higher or lower rates of addiction?
Higher rates of addiction
If substance abuse is normalized in a person’s community:
It can increase their likelihood of substance abuse
Why do racialized people often experience addiction?
Intergenerational trauma
Stress due to systemic inequalities leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms
Racial profiling makes it harder to get care
Prescription opioid prevalence increased in:
1990s-2000s when pharmaceutical companies aggressively marketed opioids for pain management
The transition to illicit opioids began in:
mid-2000s
Examples of illicit opioids
heroin, fentanyl
When was fentanyl declared a public health emergency? What percentage of opioid-related deaths involved fentanyl at that time?
2016 ; 87%
In 2024, there are __ deaths by fentanyl per day
21
Characteristics of harm reduction
Minimizing negative consequences of drug use
Needle exchange programs
Safe (supervised) consumption sites
Naloxone distribution
Define gender norms
Unwritten rules and standards that drive behaviour
Health disparities for women
Higher rates of reproductive issues
High rates of untreated health conditions
Increased mental illness due to gender roles
Health disparities for men
Masculinity norms discourage seeking care
Risky behaviours due to masculinity
Define heteronormativity
The assumption of heterosexuality as the norm
Define climate change
Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions
Two main greenhouse gases
CO2 and MH4
Human activities that contribute to climate change
Burning fossil fuels
Deforestation
Agriculture
Industrial process
Waste management
Transportation
Energy use
Impacts of climate change on health
Heat-related illnesses/deaths
Cardiovascular and respiratory issues
Water and food safety
Displacement
Mental health
Increased risk of natural disasters
Effects of climate change on low-income communities
Limited resources for adaptation
Too expensive to flee natural disasters
Cannot invest in proper protective infrastructure
Inadequate housing
Limited temperature control
Poor ventilation
Which parts of homelessness are criminalized?
Loitering
Theft out of necessity
Public intoxication
Why do marginalized groups often face higher rates of imprisonment?
Police disproportionately target these groups
Define Strain Theory
When individuals can’t achieve socially approved goals, they try to survive in other ways.
Define Social Disorganization Theory
Crime is more likely to occur in areas where social institutions are weak or ineffective
Define Labelling Theory
Crime is the result of society labelling behaviours or individuals as deviant
Define recidivism
the tendency of convicts to reoffend once released
List some examples of health-centered criminal justice reforms
Shift from punitive responses to health-conscious responses
Integrating mental health and addiction care
Trauma-informed care
Pros of defunding the police
Reinvestment in community-based health and social services
Addressing structural inequalities
Reduction in police violence
Cons of defunding the police
Risk to public safety
Insufficient alternatives
Strain on other public services
State the effect of neoliberalism on public health
Elected officials might be swayed by economic and political pressures.
Cuts to public services
Public health campaigns focus on the individual
Erosion of the welfare state
List some misconceptions that impede proper health policy
Health is a personal responsibility
Health inequities are inevitable
Health policy only needs to focus on healthcare
Economic growth will solve health inequalities
Change is too expensive
Which Canadian political party has most advocated for addressing the SDoH?
NDP
