HLTH101 Notes Flashcards

Economic instability leads to addiction by:

Increasing vulnerability to maladaptive coping mechanisms

Lower education leads to higher or lower rates of addiction?

Higher rates of addiction

If substance abuse is normalized in a person’s community:

It can increase their likelihood of substance abuse

Why do racialized people often experience addiction?

• Intergenerational trauma

• Stress due to systemic inequalities leading to maladaptive coping mechanisms

• Racial profiling makes it harder to get care

Prescription opioid prevalence increased in:

1990s-2000s when pharmaceutical companies aggressively marketed opioids for pain management

The transition to illicit opioids began in:

mid-2000s

Examples of illicit opioids

heroin, fentanyl

When was fentanyl declared a public health emergency? What percentage of opioid-related deaths involved fentanyl at that time?

2016 ; 87%

In 2024, there are __ deaths by fentanyl per day

21

Characteristics of harm reduction

• Minimizing negative consequences of drug use

• Needle exchange programs

• Safe (supervised) consumption sites

• Naloxone distribution

Define gender norms

Unwritten rules and standards that drive behaviour

Health disparities for women

• Higher rates of reproductive issues

• High rates of untreated health conditions

• Increased mental illness due to gender roles

Health disparities for men

• Masculinity norms discourage seeking care

• Risky behaviours due to masculinity

Define heteronormativity

The assumption of heterosexuality as the norm

Define climate change

Long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions

Two main greenhouse gases

CO₂ and MH₄

Human activities that contribute to climate change

• Burning fossil fuels

• Deforestation

• Agriculture

• Industrial process

• Waste management

• Transportation

• Energy use

Impacts of climate change on health

• Heat-related illnesses/deaths

• Cardiovascular and respiratory issues

• Water and food safety

• Displacement

• Mental health

• Increased risk of natural disasters

Effects of climate change on low-income communities

• Limited resources for adaptation

• Too expensive to flee natural disasters

• Cannot invest in proper protective infrastructure

• Inadequate housing

  • Limited temperature control

  • Poor ventilation

Which parts of homelessness are criminalized?

• Loitering

• Theft out of necessity

• Public intoxication

Why do marginalized groups often face higher rates of imprisonment?

Police disproportionately target these groups

Define Strain Theory

When individuals can’t achieve socially approved goals, they try to survive in other ways.

Define Social Disorganization Theory

Crime is more likely to occur in areas where social institutions are weak or ineffective

Define Labelling Theory

Crime is the result of society labelling behaviours or individuals as deviant

Define recidivism

the tendency of convicts to reoffend once released

List some examples of health-centered criminal justice reforms

• Shift from punitive responses to health-conscious responses

• Integrating mental health and addiction care

• Trauma-informed care

Pros of defunding the police

• Reinvestment in community-based health and social services

• Addressing structural inequalities

• Reduction in police violence

Cons of defunding the police

• Risk to public safety

• Insufficient alternatives

• Strain on other public services

State the effect of neoliberalism on public health

• Elected officials might be swayed by economic and political pressures.

• Cuts to public services

• Public health campaigns focus on the individual

• Erosion of the welfare state

List some misconceptions that impede proper health policy

• Health is a personal responsibility

• Health inequities are inevitable

• Health policy only needs to focus on healthcare

• Economic growth will solve health inequalities

• Change is too expensive

Which Canadian political party has most advocated for addressing the SDoH?

NDP