10 - The Holocaust and WW2

Social Studies Final Review

Holocaust

The systematic killing of the Jews during the reign of Adolf Hitler. This was an attempted genocide, or killing off an entire race of people.

11 million people were killed during this devastating time. Six million Jews killed and Five million others (Christians, Jews, Gypsies, gays, intellectuals, and dissidents).

Nuremberg Laws

Laws that were passed which stripped the Jews of German citizenship. These laws established exactly who was considered Jewish based on your lineage. 

Totalitarian State

Government with total control over the lives of the citizens

Fascism

Government ruled by dictator. This was the government of Italy. It was a militaristic state.

Kristallnacht

“Night of broken glass”. German soldiers destroyed Jewish business and homes.

Adolf Hitler

Fascist dictator of Germany.

Appeasement

To give in to the demands of one to keep the peace.

Munich Agreement

Decision to allow Hitler to take control of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, as long as he promised not to take control of any other lands. This was practice in appeasement.

Rhineland

Demilitarized area of Germany near France. This land was not to have troop buildup, according to the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler sent troops anyway.

Sudentenland

Area of land in Czech. which Hitler believed rightfully belonged to Germany.

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Pact made between USSR and Germany that they would divide Poland, with the eastern half being occupied by USSR and the western part being occupied by Germany. Germany goes on to invade all of Poland, which angers the USSR.

Franklin D Roosevelt

President of US during most of WWII

Neville Chamberlain

Prime Minister of Britain at the start of WWII. Wanted to follow the policy of appeasement.

Winston Churchill

Britain’s Prime Minister during most of WWII. Opposed the policy of appeasement.

Josef Stalin

Ruthless dictator of the USSR during WWII.

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during WWII.

Benito Mussolini

Dictator of Italy

Atlantic Charter

Meeting of FDR and Churchill where they outlined the allied goals of WWII. The four freedoms were:

1. Freedom of speech

2. Freedom of religion

3. Freedom from want

4. Freedom from fear

Lend Lease

Act passed in 1940 allowing US to lend, lease, or sell arms and supplies to the allied powers.

Pearl Harbor

US Naval base in Hawaii. Attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941.

Executive Order 9066

Order which gave the authority to relocate the Japanese Americans during the war.

Korematsu vs the US

Korematsu was a Japanese American who was relocated during WWII. He refused to leave and later sued for abuse of Civil Rights. The court upheld the decision to relocate the Japanese Americans during the war, stating that it was constitutional.

Internment

The relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII. They were placed in camps and ordered to stay there until the end of the war.

D-Day

June 6, 1944- Allied forces landed on Normandy

Harry Truman

He became president upon the death of FDR. He ordered the dropping of the two atomic bombs.

V-E Day

May 8, 1945. The end of the war in Europe.

Atomic Bomb

New type of military technology developed by American and British scientists. The US dropped two bombs, one on Hiroshima and the other on Nagasaki, ending the war with Japan (V-J Day).

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese cities that were bombed by the US on August 6, and August 9 (respectively) 1945.

V-J Day

August 15, 1945. The end of the war in Japan.