토플리딩ch3

trout

송어

game fish

낚싯고기

spawn

알을 낳다

gemstone

보석의 원석

draw upon
"The most successful companies draw upon a wide array of elaborate technologies to aid in their quest."

~을 이용하다

a wide array of

다양한, 다수의, 폭넓은

quest

a search, hunt; to search, seek, ask

predominant

(adj.) the greatest in strength or power; most common

parasite

An organism that feeds on a living host
기생충

feed off

to use something to your advantage

roost

to rest or sleep, as on a perch
보금자리에 들다

telegraph

전보

acrobatic

곡예의

arctic

북극의

tundra

a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line

coinferous trees

침엽수의

alpine

high mountains

mural

벽화

warp
"it was not warping and cracking."

휘다

timberline

수목한계선

discern

He discerned a certain coldness in their welcome.

to see clearly, recognize
알아보다

transition
the prior demographic network transitioned into a modern form.

(n.) a change from one state or condition to another
v.
변화(하다)

stunted

slowed or stopped in growth or development
왜소한

secretary
US Secretary of the Treasury

비서, 장관

US Secretary of the Treasury

재무부장관

inhabit

살다, 거주하다

permanent resident

텃새

seasonal resident

철새

planetarium

a building or room in which images of stars, planets, etc. are shown on a high, curved ceiling
천문관

funnel-shaped

Part of a tornado that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top

align
"These magnetic crystals north like needles of a compass."

to line up

unwittingly

unintentionally; by accident; inadvertently; unknowingly

subdued

quiet and rather reflective or depressed

year after year

every year for many years

rite

ceremony

dismal

gloomy

ravage
"a period ravaged by plague"

(v.) to destroy, lay waste, ruin; (n.) ruinous damage, destruction

resurgence
a resurgence of plague

A rising again to life, use, acceptance, or prominence; a revival

devastate

to ruin or destroy completely

subsist

(v.) - to live, exist

A (요인) factor into B(결과)
Enhanced medical knowledge factored into extending lives and reducing infant mortlaity.

B의 요인으로 작용하다.

draw on

to use

reversal

반대

contraception

피임

dip
Fertility rates actually dipped below death rates.

내려가다

reverse

정반대로 바뀌다

give rise to= produce

spawn

create dissent in
The politician's inflammatory remarks were intended to create dissent in the community, turning neighbors against each other over divisive issues.

to intentionally provoke disagreement or opposition among a group of people. It involves fostering discord or disagreement where there was previously unity or agreement.

reinstate
He was reinstated in his post

to bring back into existence or authority
1. 복귀시키다 2.회복시키다

shed light on= explain

clarify, clear up.

rudimentary

basic; elementary; in the earliest stages of development
초보의

relocate

The firm may be forced to relocate from New York to Stanford.

to move to a new place

embark on/upon

the new government embaked upon an ambitious development project in Brazil.

to start

prestige

High standing; respect earned by accomplishments
위신

catalyze

to charge, inspire

elevate

to lift up

populace

the general public; the population
인구

offend

Such attitudes affended many of the people living in Brazil.

to insult

regent /'리젼트/

​a person who rules a country because the king or queen is too young, old, ill, etc.

통치자

undermine

Our confidence in the team has been seriously undermined by their recent defeats

to make something, especially somebody's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective

twister

tornado

infest
"The places most likely to be infested are the roosting sites of bats."

to spread or swarm in or over; to live in or on as a parasite
창궐하다

electromagnetism

전자기

fetus('피러스)

태아

go to great lengths to do something

She goes to extraordinary lengths to keep her private life private.

to work very hard to accomplish something; to expend great efforts in trying to do something
모든 노력을 다하다

clump

덤불

battlefront

n. 전선, 최전방

turnpike

유료 고속도로

stagecoach

역마차, 승합 마차

predecessor

앞서 있었던 것, 선배, 전임자

proposition

제안, 명제

avian

조류의

ornithologist

조류학자

spacing

간격, 자간, 행간

indeterminate

uncertain; indefinite

indispensable

absolutely necessary

medieval

중세의

subsistence
Many families are living below the level of subsistence.

the minimum amount to sustain life
U최저 생활, 호구

mortality rate

사망률

fertility rate

출생률

curtail

to limit something or make it last for a shorter time