Unit 1 APUSH Test

Continental Army (what did it consist of)

• one army

• nine militias

• random civilians willing to fight if the battle was on/near their land

American military strategy

• Outlast the British

• Guerilla tactics (hit and then hide)

• Alliance with France

British military strategy

• divide and conquer

• use the loyalist

• encourage slave revolts

• split the northern and southern colonies

• blockades on ports (stop trade)

Who got France willing to help America, and what battle made them agree?

Ben Franklin

Battle of Saratoga (1777) - dubbed the “turning point” of the war

Marquis de Lafayette

French general who helped/trained the American troops surround the French

What happened at Battle of Yorktown?

British surrender to American army

The Treaty of Paris

• gave America full independence

• removed British army

Who wrote the Articles of Confederation?

John Dickinson and Richard Henry Lee

Important Things in the Articles of Confederation

• Weak central government

• Colonies could vote

• Gov’t could not tax

• Gov’t could not control trade

Three major events in the Age of Discovery

1. Renaissance

2. Reformation

3. Enlightment

Renaissance

made the English have a lack of faith in their traditions

Reformation

rely less on religion and more on science, but the two still align

England was seeking out __________ when going to the Americas

resources (ex. trees for ships because they were expanding their navy even more)

France was seeking out __________ when going to the Americas

$$$ from fishing

Spain was seeking out __________ when going to the Americas

God, gold, glory (three G’s)

Attempting to convert everyone to Catholicism

Portugal was seeking out __________ when going to the Americas

science

Saint Augustine was…

the Spanish’s fort to block people from traveling into their land

Quebec was…

the French’s fort where they sold fish

New England colonies:

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

The Middle Colonies:

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

The Southern Colonies:

Virginia, Maryland, N/S Carolina, Georgia

New England colony traits:

• Fishing and trade

• Mostly Puritan

The Middle colony traits:

• Grain, farming, trade

• Diverse religions and society

The Southern colony traits:

• Cash crops (tobacco)

• Anglican influence

• Hierarchical society

• Large plantations with slave workers

What was the one Catholic colony?

Maryland (named after Queen Mary)

Sugar Act (1764)

tax on coffee, sugar, textiles, indigo, and wine

Stamp Act (1765)

newspapers, diplomas, playing cards, all printed materials

The Son’s of Liberty (1765)

• brought together colonial groups to oppose the Stamp Act

• Founding members consisted of: Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry (“give me liberty or give me death”)

Committees of Correspondence

• communication networks between colonists who opposed British

• first talks of the Revolution were shared through this

Lexington and Concord

colonists stole British weapons and hid them, the British find them and that is where the first shot of the Revolution was fired (“shot heard ‘round the world”)

King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War

• British attempts to capture Quebec

• Queen Anne’s War helped British gain Nova Scotia and trading rights in Spanish territory

King George’s War

colonists help British gain French land, but the British eventually give it back for their own economic gain — angered colonists

The Seven Years’ War or The French and Indian War

• started in the colonies and spread to England

• France and England started sending larger amounts of troops to the colonies after this

The main steps towards the Revolution

• Boston Massacre

• Trial of the British soliders

• Boston Tea Party

• Taxing the colonies (ex. Intolerable Acts)

• The First Continental Convention

• Lexington and Concord

What main colony did not go to the First Continental Convention

Georgia

England becomes mainly ________ after Queen Elizabeth takes the throne

Protestant

King James I sends Virginia Joint Stock Company to form ______ with the purpose of finding ___

Jamestown, gold

The _____ sold 20 slaves to Jamestown, which planted the seed for the beginning of the North American Slave Trade

Dutch

Calvinism

the strong belief in pre-destination (God knows where a person will end up after death when they are born)

Puritans

• wanted to reform the Church of England

• generally remained connected to England

• founded Massachusetts Bay

• came over in large numbers (usually families)

Separatists/Pilgrims

• wanted to fully separate from Church of England

• completely separated for England

• founded Plymouth

• came in small numbers (usually just young men)

Pilgrims in Plymouth

• drew up Mayflower Compact right before disembarking

• their first winter killed majority of their population but the next harvest was very good and then Thanksgiving

• Had good leadership and was one of the first examples of self government

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• started by a much larger Puritan migration settlement

• John Winthrop was the leader of this colony and believed in the religious mission

• dubbed “city of the hill” because it was the best example of the perfect Christian society

Religious dissent from Massachusetts

• anyone who challenged MBC’s political system (ex. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who founded Rhode Island)

The English take New Netherland

• this colony is named New York

• gave England control over Atlantic coast

Pennsylvania

• founded by William Penn

• very Quaker prominent

• believed in religious intolerance, equality, and personal spiritual experience

• very diverse colony

The Chesapeake Bay

• Virginia and Maryland

• very difficult environment for the English

• lots of disease issues (ex. malaria)

• very large gender imbalance (more men than women)

Chesapeake was very dependent on ______ crop and led to the increase in need of _____

tobacco, slaves

Headright System

• created by Virginia

• whoever pays for a servants transportation to America gets property

Bacon’s Rebellion

• started by Nathaniel Bacon

• angry about policies against Native Americans and lack of opportunities for frontier settlers

• Bacon and followers burn down Jamestown but Bacon dies soon after to the rebellion fails

Bacon’s Rebellion made the wealthy ____ the poor farmers

fear

Atlantic Slave Trade

Africa —> Americas —> Europe

The colonial population is _______ from 1700 to 1775

growing (like a lot)

The ______ colonies become very diverse

Middle

Many ______ settled in PA and wanted…

Germans, religious freedom and cheap land

The Scottish/Irish immigrants had a very ______ lifestyle and introduced …

frontier, independence and self-reliance

The colonies had a social hierarchy in order

1. Large landowners and Political leaders

2. Small farmers and shopkeepers

3. Indentured slaves and poor laborers

One different between America and Europe socially was

a person could show up poor but could eventually attain wealth from a number of things

The Stono Rebellion (1739)

• a slave uprising in South Carolina

• slaves were trying to flee to Spanish Florida

• they were caught but the rebellion increased anxiety in colonies

John Locke

• argued for natural rights (life, liberty, and property)

• social contract between people and government

• Locke’s ideas —> American political thought —> Declaration of Independence

Jonathan Edwards

• one of the most famous preachers of the Great Awakening

• emphasized humans sinfulness and God’s judgement

Effects of the Great Awakening

• challenged religious authority

• increased religious diversity

• encouraged individualism

• created unity

Education in New England

• created Yale and Harvard

• important because the Puritans wanted people to be able to read the Bible

John Peter Zengel Trial

• accused of printing libel in the New York newspaper because he criticized the colonial governor

• found not guilty

• one of the first ideas of freedom of press

Period of salutary neglect

British gave the colonist lots of freedoms and self-government/economic independence

France fur trading

• fur trade became important because French also did not know how to farm

New France

• small population

• fur trade

• catholic

• strong royal control - monarchy with no elected positions

• few permanent settlement

French territory expansion route

Canada —> Great Lakes —> Mississippi River Valley —> Louisiana —> Gulf of Mexico

Proclamation of 1763

• colonists wanted to move west of Appalacian Mountains

• Britain forbid them of doing so

Voyageurs

French-Canadian traders who transported furs and supplies

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin’s proposal for greater colonial unity

When the Intolerable Acts started what type of protest did the colonist realize works very well?

boycotts

Daughter of Liberty

• supported the boycotts of British goods

• produced cloth and domestic goods

Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)

• very high British casualties

• showed that the inexperienced colonial army could fight effectively against Britain

The Olive Branch Petition

• the Second Continental Congress sent this to King George III

• in response King George declared that the colonies are in Rebellion

• made compromise very difficult

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

• 1776

• monarchy was unreasonable

• Britain is corrupt

• Americans can make their own government

Native Americans in the Revolution

• many groups supported Britain because they thought Britain would restrict American western expansion

YOU GOT THIS GIRL!!!! KEEP STUDYING!

if I forgot anything in this and y’all fail I apologize in advance :)