Molecular Compounds Study Guide

Flashcards covering the properties, formulas, and characteristics of common molecular compounds: Hydrogen Chloride, Water, Ammonia, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide.

Hydrogen Chloride ($HCl$)

A colorless, pungent gas that is denser than air, toxic in large quantities, and highly soluble in water.

Hydrochloric Acid

The aqueous solution formed when Hydrogen Chloride ($HCl$) is dissolved in water.

Water ($H_2O$)

A colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid essential for life that exists in all three states of matter in nature.

Physical Constants of Water

A substance with a melting point of $0^\circ\text{C}$ and a boiling point of $100^\circ\text{C}$.

Density Anomaly of Water

Upon freezing, its volume increases and its density decreases, meaning the density of ice is lower than that of liquid water.

Ammonia ($NH_3$)

A colorless gas with an unpleasant odor and a lower density than air; it is toxic in large quantities and very soluble in water.

Salmiak Spirit

The name for the aqueous solution of Ammonia ($NH_3$).

Methane ($CH_4$)

A colorless, odorless, and combustible gas that makes up approximately $90\%$ of natural gas.

Methane Combustion Products

The substances produced when methane burns: Water ($H_2O$) and Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$).

Methane Odorization

Because it is naturally odorless and presents an explosion hazard, it is artificially odorized for safety.

Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$)

A colorless, odorless gas that is denser than air and is approximately $0.03\%$ of the atmosphere.

Carbonic Acid

The aqueous solution formed when Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) is dissolved in water.

Carbon Dioxide Toxicity

At higher concentrations (approximately $10\%$), living organisms suffocate.

Greenhouse Effect of $CO_2$

The phenomenon where Carbon Dioxide increases heat retention in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.

Production of Carbon Dioxide

A laboratory method involving dropping hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) onto limestone.

Detection of Carbon Dioxide

A process where a burning match is observed to go out when placed in the gas.