phys exam 3 - Dr. Norton

Horse GI

What does mastication release from plants?

sugar/starch

How do horses chew?

side to side

What type of jaw do horses have?

anisognathic jaw

Where can points form?

upper and lower teeth

Why do horses teeth from points?

slope in the occlusal surface

What is the lingal side of the teeth?

by the tonge

What is the buccal side of the teeth?

cheek

T/F Horses teeth never stop growing

FALSW

What enable finite eruption of the adult teeth to replace tooth structure lost through wear during griding?

hypsodont dentition

What promotes more chewing, grater saliva production, more buffering (bicarb) and healthier dental wear?

long-stem forage

What is the rule of thumb for how much oral fluids to give to a horse?

1L per 100 lbs

What is incharge of enzymatic digestion in the horse?

stomach and small intestine

What is incharge of microbial digestion in the horse?V

cecum, large colon, small colon

What sis the capactiy of the stomach?

9-15 L

Between what ribs is the stomach in the horse?

9-13

What are the two portions of the horse stomach?

glandular and non-glandular

What separated the glandular and non-glandular portions of the stomach?

margo plicatus

How long does liquid stay in the stomach?

20-30 mins

How long do solids stay in the stomach?

1-5 hours

What takes the longest to leave the stomach?

long stem hat

How long on average does it take for the digesta to leave the stomach?

2-4 hours

What cells in the stomach produce HCL?

parietal cells

T/F Parietal cells release HCl when food is ingested

FALSE

What is another name for the non-grandular region?

squamous

What is a major risk factor for ulcers in sport horses?

acid splashing

T/F Horses cannot vomit

TRUE

What are the three reasons that horses cannot vomit?

oblique esophageal angle, cardiac sphincter, and one-way peristalsis

What happens because horses cannot vomit?

colic

What must be HR be under for a nasogastric tube not to be first in a colic situation?

60

What treatment could completely block acid secreation?

proton pump inhibitor

What portion of the esophagus promotes peristalsis?

caudal 1/3

What pinches the esophageal sphincter?

gastric distention

What help buffers gastric contents?

forage and saliva

T/F Horses lack the enzymes to digest structural carbohydrates within plant cell walls

TRUE

What is the first site of fermentation?

cecum

What precent of total volatile fatty acids does the cecum generate?

30%

What is the primary location of water absorption and fermentation?

large colon

What percent of volatile fatty acids does the large colon generate?

50-60%

What must dietary changes be introduced gradually?

allow for microbial population to adapt