APush Unit 1 Flashcards

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the Old World following Columbus's voyages.

What was the most deadly impact of European contact on Native Americans?

Disease (especially smallpox)

What crop native to the Americas greatly impacted European diets and population growth?

Corn (maize)

What was the encomienda system?

A Spanish labor system that granted colonists authority over Native labor in exchange for Christianizing them.

Who was Bartolomé de las Casas?

A Spanish priest who advocated for the rights of Native Americans.

What was the primary motivation for Spanish exploration?

Gold, God, and Glory

How did French colonization differ from Spanish colonization?

The French focused on trade and alliances with Natives; the Spanish often used forced labor and sought gold.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Which civilization built Tenochtitlan?

The Aztecs

What was the main crop that supported complex Native societies in the Americas?

Maize (corn)

What region did the Pueblo people live in?

The Southwestern United States

What was the Iroquois Confederacy?

An alliance of Native American tribes in the Northeast with a sophisticated political system.

What was the purpose of the Spanish mission system?

To convert Native Americans to Christianity and integrate them into colonial society.

What happened during the Pueblo Revolt (1680)?

Native Americans temporarily drove the Spanish out of New Mexico.

What was a "mestizo"?

A person of mixed Native American and Spanish descent.

What was Roanoke?

The "Lost Colony," an early failed English settlement.

What was the first permanent English colony in North America?

Jamestown (1607)

What role did horses play in Native societies after European contact?

Transformed Great Plains tribes into mobile, hunting-focused societies.

What was one goal of European colonization?

Expand empires and gain wealth

Which European country had the least colonial success in North America in the 1500s?

Portugal