HIST 1010 Auburn University Morris Bian exam 4 final

Who did what to china by the end of the sixth century

The Sui brought about chinas reunification and administrative re-centralization

What did the Sui dynasty build

Grand Canal

Define Sinicized

To make Chinese in character or to change by Chinese influence

What happened to Buddhism as it spread along the Silk Road

Became sinicized

When did Buddha become fat

Under the Tang Dynasty

Why did state policy change for Buddhism during the late Tang Dynasty

Monasteries were seen as a fiscal threat to the state and Confucianism had a revival

When was the persecution of Buddhism

841-845, destruction of 40k+ monasteries and temples, return of 260k monks and 150k slaves to tax registers

What was the significance of the persecution of Buddhism

Paved way for chinas ideological, intellectual, and religious re-centralization

defining characteristics of traditional Chinese civilization

Absolute monarchy, centralized bureaucratic gov, governing elite of shidafu(scholar officials), civil service examination system, dominance of Confucianism and neo-Confucianism

The absolute monarchy relied on what

centralized bureaucratic gov

Who staffed the centralized bureaucratic gov

Shidafu

How did shidafu ascend to their status

Success in the civil service examination system

What was the civil service examination system based on

Confucianism and neo-Confucianism

What resulted from the mutiny at Chen bridge in 960, imminent nomadic invasion, song taizu heads an expeditionary force

The Song Dynasty is founded

What was the civil service examination system

System of official competitive examination and recruitment, used until 1905

When did the civil service examination system originate

Han dynasty 206BC-220CE

220-581CE

Period of disunion

What happened during the period of disunion

A new system of recommendation, nine rank system, replaced examinations as the basis for office holding

formally established civil service exam system

Sui dynasty

Their examination structure lasted how long

1369-1905

"Received talent" BA Prefectural exams

Xiucai

"Elevated man" MA Provincial exams

Juren

"Presented scholar" PHD Metropolitan exams

Jinshi

Entry level position for jinshi

Country magistrate

During the 12th century how many people took the qualifying exam

80k to 400k

What made CSE significant

Allowed upward social mobility, created governing officials based on merit, freed emperor from dependence on aristocracy

Chinas scholar officials became known as what in the west

Mandarins

The expansion of CSE led to what

Disappearance of aristocracy in The political scene

What did their disappearance remove

A major obstacle to having a centralized bureaucratic gov

When did shidafu replace the aristocracy

After the 10th cent

What does the replacement of the aristocracy help explain

Larger and radically different patterns of political and institutional change

Absence of civil rights and liberties in china must be explained by

The lack of conflict between the monarchy and nobility after the foundation of the Song Dynasty

Why did Confucianism lack a cosmological framework

It was a fusion of sociopolitical philosophy and ethical moral religion, it did not address cosmological issues such as the origin and structure of the universe

How did Confucianism respond to challenges by Buddhism and daoism

Appropriating cosmological concepts of Buddhism and daoism

What did the appropriation of Buddhism and daoism lead to

Neo-confucianism and dao dynasty

Zhu Xis Neo confucianism can be understood in what terms

Two spheres, larger universe and smaller human life

Everything was though to have what

Li and Qi

Li

Universal principle, moral principle and potentially good human nature

Qi

Material force, organization of human society and Confucian classics

What is new about neo confucianism

New cosmological framework derived from Buddhism and daoism

What is the investigation of things

Method for comprehending universal principle

By 1313 what became required readings for all CSE

Zhu Xis commentaries on confucian classics(the four books)

What do the cases of Thomas Aquinas and zhu Xi prove

Both Christian and Confucian scholars responded to challenge any appropriating concepts from other belief systems

What commentaries of Thomas Aquinas became required reading for all Christian's

Commentaries on the old and New Testament

Who founded the mongol empire

Genghis Khan

What does Genghis Kahn mean and where did he get that name

Universal ruler, mongol nobles in 1206

What did Genghis Kahn complete before death

Conquest of the Jin dynasty

When did the conquest of china begin

1260

Who began the conquest of china

Kublai Kahn, who became the great kahn in 1260, he conquered china and founded the yuan dynasty

Ethnic Hierarchy under the Mongols

Mongols > Mongol Allies > Northern Chinese > Southern Chinese

Who was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty

Ming Taizu

What was 1405-1433

Zheng He's seven voyages

The voyages were not

Voyages of exploration in the Colombian sense

The voyages were political and diplomatic, not

Commercial or colonizing

Who lived 1552-1610

Matteo ricci - arrived in china 1582

Why did Jesus fail to convert Chinese

Belief that Christianity is the only true religion - fallacious deeds

Chinese names Kongzi and Mongzi are spelled as what and why

Confucius and Meniscus because of latinization by Jesuit missionaries

When and where to did Manchus move their capital

In 1644 to Beijing

This moved marked what

Establishment of the quint dynasty

What did the Manchus adopt as state ideology

Confucianism

What kind of gov did the Manchus recreate

Same centralized bureaucratic system of government that existed in the Tang Dynasty

Manchus re-established

Ministry of personnel,revenue,rites,war,justice,works

Manchus made sure of what about the CSEs

They continued to function with the highest prestige and efficiency

Exam structure 1368-1905

Prefectural exams - Xiucai BA, Provincial exams - Juren MA

In the end the Manchus became what

Thoroughly assimilated

Principles and regulations governing chinas foreign relations

Tribute system

Tribute system provided what

Basic framework for international relations in east and Southeast Asia

Heirarichal order

A nation that controls another nation in international relations but allows domestic sovereignty - vassal like relations

Who did china seek a hierarchical order with

Suzerainty

Prescribed prostrations

Ketou

When did chinas primary tradition take place

Qin and Han dynasties 211bc-220ce

Who created the first bureaucratic empire in Chinese history

Qin dynasty

Qin state ideology

Legalism

Han state ideology

Confucianism

Defining characteristics of ancient India

Lack of centralization, dominance of regional kingdoms, caste system

Siddhartha Gautama

One of the ethical and moral thinkers of ancient India 563-483bc

Ascetic

Person whop renounces material comforts and lives a life of self discipline, usually religious

Xiongnu

Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state.

Mahayana

Faith and personal devotion, universal opportunity for salvation, Buddha was made a god

Enlightenment

Blessed state where one transcends desire and suffering and attains nirvana the ultimate goal

Liang wudi

Founder of liang dynasty, one of the most stable and prosperous

Dream of emperor Ming

A golden Buddha seeking to be worshipped in china

Grand canal

Linked 5 of chinas main river basins

When was the Great Wall built

14-17th cent AD

Brought administrative centralization by creating commanderies and countries

Shihuangdi

Invaded Vietnam and Korea

Han wudi

Bodhistavvas

Other deities in Mahayana Buddhism

Terracotta Army

Demonstrates successful centralization during Qin dynasty

Theravada

Traditional form of Buddhism