pre emt study set

Anatomy

Physical structure of the body and its systems

Physiology

Examining the normal functions and activities of the biological components

Pathophysiology

Functional changes that accompany a certain disease

Plane of the body

A way of describing sections/orientations of the body

Joints

Where 2 bones meet

Ligaments

Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

Cartilage

Semi-rigid yet flexible tissue that covers and cushions the ends of articulating bones

Articular cartilage

Allows the ends of bones to glide easily

Synovial membrane

Creates synovial fluid

Ventral

Belly side of the body

Dorsal

Spinal side of the body

Tidal volume

Amount of air in or out of the lungs during a single breath

Platelets

Disc-shaped elements

Epinephrine

EpiPen

Naloxone

Narcan

Nitroglycerin

Nitro

Oral glucose

For low blood sugar

Albuterol

Beta-2 cells respond to open up airways

Aspirin

Pain reliever

Hydrostatic pressure

Occurs as fluid pushes against vessel walls to force fluid out of the capillary

Oncotic pressure

Opposing force caused by proteins in blood plasma

MOI (Mechanism of Injury)

Classifies an injury of a patient and is used to assess

Blunt trauma

Injury occurs over a broad area

Penetrating trauma

Injury is at the point of contact to the object and usually creates an open wound

Nature of illness

What the patient is experiencing/feels like

Chief complaint

What the patient called for

Triage

Sorting patients based on severity of their condition

LOC

Level of consciousness

Anterior

Toward front of body

Posterior

Back of the body

Antagonist

Binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals

Pharmacokinetics

How the body interacts with a medication

Contraindications

The reason why a patient shouldn't get a medication

Adverse effects

Results of a medication that aren't desired

Enteral medication

Enters the body through the digestive system

Parenteral medication

Entered using syringes and needles

Cardiogenic shock

Pump failure or inadequate function of the heart

Septic shock

Result of severe infections

Anaphylactic shock

When a person reacts to a substance that the patient has been sensitized to

Cyanosis

Blue discoloration of the skin

Croup

Caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Infection in lungs and breathing passages

Bronchiolitis

Often occurs due to RSV infection and results in severe inflammation of the bronchioles

Pneumonia

Infection of the lungs

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Coughing spells last more than 1 minute

Tuberculosis

Commonly found in lungs but can be found in every organ

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Caused by repeated infection or inhalation of toxic gases and particles in the lungs

Asthma

Excessive mucus production and swelling of the mucous lining in the bronchioles

Hay fever

Allergic response to pollen and causes cold-like symptoms

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling and dilation of blood vessels

Pleural effusion

Collection of fluid outside the lung which compresses the lungs

Embolus

Anything that lodges and obstructs blood flow in the circulatory system

Pulmonary embolism

Blood clot formed in the vein

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Predisposes a child to repeated lung infections with mucus that becomes thick

Sympathetic nervous system

Fight or flight and speeds up heart rate

Parasympathetic nervous system

Slows the heart down and calms the whole body

Occlusion

Blockage

Angina pectoris

When heart tissues don't get enough oxygen

Acute myocardial infarction

Death of cells near the heart and obstructs blood flow when it turns to scar tissue

Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

Abnormality of heart rhythm

Tachycardia

Rapid beating of heart

Bradycardia

Slow beating of heart

Ventricular tachycardia

Very rapid beating

Stroke

Loss of blood flow to an area of the brain which loses function

Ischemic stroke

Blood flow through the cerebral arteries is blocked

Hemorrhagic stroke

Blood vessel ruptures and accumulated blood causes increased pressure in the brain

Aneurysm

Swelling/enlargement of artery wall due to weakness in artery wall

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Stroke-like symptoms go away within 24 hours

Aphasia

Inability to produce or understand speech

Generalized seizure

Results from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the brain

Focal seizure

Patient is still conscious

Hypoglycemia

Low blood glucose level

Hyperglycemia

High blood glucose level

Febrile seizure

Seizure from high fever