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recumbent
person lying down in any position
prone
lying down on the stomach
supine
lying down on the back
decubitus
x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor
dorsal decubitus
person lying down on their back and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor
ventral decubitus
A person is lying on their front (stomach) and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor.
lateral decubitus
A person lying on their side and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor.
right anterior oblique (RAO)
A person or body part lying face down on an angle with their right side in contact with the flat surface of a table.
left anterior oblique (LAO)
A person or body part lying face down on an angle with their left side in contact with the flat surface of a table.
right posterior oblique (RPO)
A person or body part lying face up on an angle with their right side in contact with the flat surface of a table.
left posterior oblique (LPO)
A person or body part lying face up on an angle with their left side in contact with the flat surface of a table.
trendelenburg
The body is supine and inclined with the head down approximately 40-45 degrees. Therefore the head is placed lower than the torso.
fowlers
The body is supine and the head is elevated approximately 30 degrees. Therefore the head is higher than the torso.
lithotomy
The body is supine, the legs and hips are flexed and the legs are abducted outwards
cephalad
Pertaining to the head or directed towards the superior end of the body.
caudad
Tail-end - directed towards the inferior end of the body.
palmar
Referring to the palm or front of the hand.
plantar
Referring to the sole of the foot.
volar
Pertaining to the sole of the foot or the palm of the hand.
abduct
move away from the midsagittal plane
evert
turn away from the midline
adduct
move towards the midline or midsagittal plane.
invert
turned towards midline
extend
Straighten the joint, thereby increasing the angle to 180 degrees
flex
To close a joint thereby decreasing the angle of the joint to less than 180 degrees.
pronate
Turn a body part so that its anterior surface faces posteriorly.
supinate
To turn a body part so that its posterior surface faces posteriorly or so that the anterior surface faces anteriorly.
circumduct
To move any limb in a circular pattern allowing the distal end to freely form a circle
internal rotation
The anterior surface faces medially or towards the midline
external rotation
Anterior surface faces laterally or towards the side.