MRAD Module 2

recumbent

person lying down in any position

prone

lying down on the stomach

supine

lying down on the back

decubitus

x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor

dorsal decubitus

person lying down on their back and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor

ventral decubitus

A person is lying on their front (stomach) and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor.

lateral decubitus

A person lying on their side and the x-ray beam is horizontal and parallel to the floor.

right anterior oblique (RAO)

A person or body part lying face down on an angle with their right side in contact with the flat surface of a table.

left anterior oblique (LAO)

A person or body part lying face down on an angle with their left side in contact with the flat surface of a table.

right posterior oblique (RPO)

A person or body part lying face up on an angle with their right side in contact with the flat surface of a table.

left posterior oblique (LPO)

A person or body part lying face up on an angle with their left side in contact with the flat surface of a table.

trendelenburg

The body is supine and inclined with the head down approximately 40-45 degrees. Therefore the head is placed lower than the torso.

fowlers

The body is supine and the head is elevated approximately 30 degrees. Therefore the head is higher than the torso.

lithotomy

The body is supine, the legs and hips are flexed and the legs are abducted outwards

cephalad

Pertaining to the head or directed towards the superior end of the body.

caudad

Tail-end - directed towards the inferior end of the body.

palmar

Referring to the palm or front of the hand.

plantar

Referring to the sole of the foot.

volar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot or the palm of the hand.

abduct

move away from the midsagittal plane

evert

turn away from the midline

adduct

move towards the midline or midsagittal plane.

invert

turned towards midline

extend

Straighten the joint, thereby increasing the angle to 180 degrees

flex

To close a joint thereby decreasing the angle of the joint to less than 180 degrees.

pronate

Turn a body part so that its anterior surface faces posteriorly.

supinate

To turn a body part so that its posterior surface faces posteriorly or so that the anterior surface faces anteriorly.

circumduct

To move any limb in a circular pattern allowing the distal end to freely form a circle

internal rotation

The anterior surface faces medially or towards the midline

external rotation

Anterior surface faces laterally or towards the side.