Lab 1: Hormones

What gland produces regulatory hormones?

hypothalamus

What gland produces antidiuretic (ADH)?

hypothalamus

What gland produces oxytocin?

hypothalamus

What gland produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

anterior pituitary gland

What gland produces prolactin (PRL)?

anterior pituitary gland

What gland produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

anterior pituitary gland

What gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH)?

anterior pituitary gland

What gland produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

anterior pituitary gland

What gland produces growth hormone (GH)?

anterior pituitary glandWhat

What is another name for anterior pituitary gland?

adenohypophysis

What is another name for posterior pituitary gland?

neurohypophysis

What gland produces melatonin?

pineal gland

What gland produces thyroid hormone?

thyroid gland

What gland produces calcitonin?

thyroid gland

What gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

parathyroid gland

What gland produces thymosin?

thymus

What gland produces mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)?

adrenal cortex

What gland produces glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)?

adrenal cortex

What gland produces gonadocorticoids (e.g., androgens)?

adrenal cortex

What gland produces insulin?

pancreas

What gland produces glucagon?

pancreas

What gland produces testosterone?

testes (gonads)

What gland produces estrogen and progesterone?

ovaries (gonads)

What gland produces atrial natriuretric peptide (ANP)?

heart

What gland produces erythropoietin (EPO)?

kidney

What do regulatory hormones target?

anterior pituitary gland

What do antidiuretic hormones (ADH) target?

kidney; hypothalamus (thirst center); blood vessels

What does oxytocin target?

uterus; breast (mammary glands); brain

What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?

thyroid gland

What does prolactin (PRL) target?

breast (mammary glands)W

What do follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) target?

ovary; testis

What do luteinizing hormones (LH) target?

ovary; testis

What do adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) target?

adrenal cortex

What do growth hormones (GH) target?

liver; skeleton; muscle; all cells

What does melatonin target?

brain

What do thyroid hormones target?

all cells

What does calcitonin target?

bone; kidney

What do parathyroid hormones (PTH) target?

bone tissue; kidney

What does thymosin target?

t-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell)

What do mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) target?

kidney

What do glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) target?

liver; adipose connective tissue; all cells

What do gonadocorticoids (e.g., androgens) target?

various body cells

What does epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) target?

various body cells

What gland produces epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE)?

adrenal medulla

What does insulin target?

liver; adipose connective tissue; most body cells

What does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) target?

kidneys; blood vessels

What does erythropoietin (EPO) target?

bone (red bone marrow)

Function of regulatory hormones

control release of hormones from anterior pituitary

Function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

stimulates the kidneys to decrease urine output and the thirst center to increase fluid intake when the body is dehydrated; in high doses, ADH is a vasoconstrictor (thus, it is also called vasopressin)

Function of oxytocin

contraction of smooth muscle of uterus; ejection of milk from mammary glands; increases feelings of emotional bonding between individuals

Function of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone

Function of prolactin (PRL)

regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production in females; function not fully known in malesf

Function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

controls development of both oocyte and ovarian follicle (spherical structure the houses an oocyte) within ovaries; controls development of sperm within testes

Function of luteinizing hormone (LH)

induces ovulation of secondary oocyte from the ovarian follicle; controls testosterone synthesis within testes

Function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol)

Function of growth hormone (GH)

release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from liver; GH and IGFs function synergistically to induce growth

Function of melatonin

helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm (biological clock); functions in sexual maturation

Function of thyroid hormone

increase metabolic rate of all cells; increase heat production (calorigenic effect)

Function of calcitonin

decreases blood calcium levels; most significant in children

Function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

increases blood calcium levels by stimulating both release of calcium from bone tissue and decrease loss of calcium in urine; causes formation of calcitriol hormone (a hormone that increases calcium absorption from small intestine)

Function of thymosin

maturation of t-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell, or leukocyte)

Function of mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)

regular blood Na+ and K+ levels by decreasing the Na+ and increasing the K+ excreted in urine

Function of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)

participate in the stress response; increase nutrients (e.g., glucose) that are available in the blood

Function of gonadocorticoids (e.g., androgens)

stimulate maturation and function of reproductive system

Function of epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE)

stimulate maturation and functioning of reproductive system

Function of insulin

decreases blood glucose levels

Function of glucagon

increases blood glucose levels

Function of estrogen and progesterone

stimulate maturation and function of female reproductive system

Function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

primarily to decrease blood pressure by stimulating both the kidney to increase urine output and the blood vessels to dilate

Function of erythropoietin (EPO)

increase production of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Function of testosterone

stimulates maturation and function of male reproductive system