anaphy albert

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key structures and functions of the cell, stages of mitosis, and basic characteristics of the four primary tissue types.

The cell’s control center that is essential for division is the __.

nucleus

When a cell is not dividing, its genetic material is in a thread-like form called __.

chromatin

During cell division, chromatin condenses to form rod-like __.

chromosomes

Small round bodies inside the nucleus that assemble ribosomes are the __.

nucleoli (singular: nucleolus)

The nucleus is enclosed by a double-layered porous membrane called the __.

nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane)

Large openings that allow RNA and proteins to pass through the nuclear envelope are __.

nuclear pores

The plasma membrane is primarily a __ bilayer with embedded proteins.

phospholipid

__ molecules scattered in the plasma membrane help stabilize the bilayer.

Cholesterol

Fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called __.

microvilli

The fluid part of the cytoplasm in which organelles are suspended is the __.

cytosol

Tiny structures that are the actual sites of protein synthesis are __.

ribosomes

The ER studded with ribosomes that transports proteins is called __ ER.

rough

The ER responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification is the __ ER.

smooth

The organelle that packages proteins for export is the __ apparatus.

Golgi

Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes that can destroy the cell are __.

lysosomes

Organelles that detoxify alcohol and hydrogen peroxide are __.

peroxisomes

The “powerhouses” that produce most of the cell’s ATP are the __.

mitochondria

Paired cylindrical bodies that direct spindle formation during mitosis are __.

centrioles

Provide cellular support and include microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments: __ elements.

cytoskeletal

The longer phase of the cell cycle in which the cell grows and DNA replicates is __.

interphase

DNA replication occurs during __ of the cell cycle.

interphase

Nuclear division is termed __, whereas cytoplasmic division is __.

mitosis; cytokinesis

During __, chromosomes first become visible and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

prophase

Chromosomes line up at the cell’s equator during __.

metaphase

Sister chromatids separate and move toward poles during __.

anaphase

Chromosomes uncoil, nuclear envelopes reform, and the spindle breaks down during __.

telophase

Tissues whose cells are tightly packed, avascular, and possess an apical surface are __ tissues.

epithelial

Epithelia with a single layer of flattened cells are classified as epithelium.

simple squamous

A stratified epithelium that can stretch and whose surface cells change shape is called __ epithelium.

transitional

Connective tissue matrix consists of ground substance and three fiber types: collagenic, elastic, and __ fibers.

reticular

Striated voluntary muscle attached to bones is __ muscle.

skeletal

Striated involuntary muscle with intercalated discs found only in the heart is __ muscle.

cardiac

Non-striated involuntary muscle with spindle-shaped cells is __ muscle.

smooth

Supporting cells of nervous tissue are called __, while the impulse-conducting cells are __.

neuroglia; neurons