Philo ni maam bubbles uwu

PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

Looking at the situation only in one part and not seeing the whole situation.

PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

Defined as a way or a method how one sees or perceives the reality or phenomenon

PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

A perspective that is based on one of the component parts of a whole.

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Seeing the situation as a whole by connecting its parts and looking through the bird’s eye view.

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Looking at the thing or person from various perspective.

HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Learning and seeing how a thing is related to everything else.

PHILOSOPHY

 

THE LOVE OF WISDOM

 

love

wisdom

Philos means?

Sophia means?

Ancient Greece

is located at Southern tip of the balcons at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia.

Greece in the west specifically at the Great City of Miletus.

What country is the "Birth place of Philosophy"? What specific city?

PHILOSOPHER

a lover of wisdom

PHILOSOPHER

He/She puts meaning to what is out there.

Open to changes and discovery

PHILOSOPHER

He/She does not stop knowing, wondering, and asking questions.

Hungers for truth, meaning and sense.

THALES OF MILETUS

Known as the first Greek philosopher and the Father of Philosophy. (624546 BCE)

THALES OF MILETUS

regarded as the first to engage in the inquiry of searching for causes and principles of the Natural world and various phenomena without relying on supernatural explanation and divine components.

 

THALES OF MILETUS

By observing nature, he believed that the earth floats on water, while it is considered as the first ultimate substance.

Plato

traced the man’s need to philosophize through his sense of wonder

 

Descartes

a french philospher found “the need to philosophize through his doubting method.

“Doubt everything that can be doubted.”

“Doubt its truthfulness”

Quotes of Descartes

Jaspers, Limit Experiences

a german philosopher believed that it is through our experiences that we have to philosophize.

What does he call for these experiences?

Socrates, Docta Ignorantia

the start of wisdom is _____? it is our state of ignorance that we begin to learn and understand.

METAPHYSICS

Literally means "After physics."

METAPHYSICS

Early Greek Philosophers claimed that it is the study of the nature of reality.

METAPHYSICS

Analyzes whether everything is material, and if life, energy and mind are its different manifestations.

METAPHYSICS

Study things beyond physical concepts or things that cannot be experienced.

METAPHYSICS

Foundation of Philosophy

Aristotle

Who quoted "Metaphysics is the first Philosophy"

General Metaphysics/Ontology

Special Metaphysics

Cosmology

Psychology

Natural Theology/Theodicy

Subdivision of Metaphysics

 

General Metaphysics/ Ontology Ontology

 

Studies Beings in their ultimate causes, reasons and principles through the aid of Human reason alone.

Human, Knowledge or Study

Onto and Logos means?

General Metaphysics/ Ontology Ontology

Basic Questions:

 

What is being?

Why do things exist, rather not exist at all?

What is the meaning and nature of reality?

COSMOLOGY

 

Studies the world (or universe) including its origin, dynamics, and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order.

COSMOLOGY

Basic Questions:

 

What is the origin of the world?

What is the basic materials of which the world is formed?

How do things arise?

Is the world or universe infinite?

PSYCHOLOGY

 

 

Studies of the nature and dynamics of the human person alone.

PSYCHOLOGY

Basic Questions:

What is the nature of Human Person?

Is there such thing as human nature?

THEODICY or Natural Theology

Theos                                     Logos

 God                                            Knowledge or study

 

 

Studies of the nature of God and Religious Beliefs

EPISTEMOLOGY

Comes from the Greek word “episteme” which means knowledge

EPISTEMOLOGY

Deals with various problems concerning knowledge

EPISTEMOLOGY

Study of the Nature and Scope of knowledge and justified belief.

EPISTEMOLOGY

Basic Questions:

What is knowledge?

What do we know ?

How is knowledge acquired?

What makes justified beliefs justified?

EPISTEME

Greek word of Knowledge?

LOGIC

 

looks into whether there are rules or principles that govern reasoning.

LOGIC

As a study of reasoning, It incorporates the analysis of the methods of deduction and induction to provide the rules on how people ought to think logically.

LOGIC

Science of correct thinking.

LOGIC

Study of principles and criteria of a valid argument.

LOGIC

Distinguish sound or good reasoning from unsound or bad reasoning.

LOGIC

Basic Questions:

What is correct reasoning?

What distinguishes a good argument from a bad one?

How can detect a fallacy in an argument?

ETHICS

 

•derived from the Greek term “Ethos” meaning “Moral Philosophy” or “Custom/habit” is concerned about human conduct and morality of human actions.

ETHICS

How human persons ought to act and search for a definition of a right conduct and good life.

ETHICS

The systematic reflections in ________ will lead to an understanding of the concept of right and wrong and conceptions about morality which  affects one’s actions towards others. Thus, _____ helps people prioritize their values.

Moral Philosophy or Custom/Habit

The greek term Ethos means?

ETHICS 

Theory of right action and greater good

Morality

Practice of rightness and wrongness of human action

ETHICS

Basic Questions:

 

What is right conduct as that which causes the realization of the greatest good?

 

How do we determine a right conduct?

AESTHETICS

sensitive or perceptive

•Comes from the Greek word “aisthetikos” which means ______?

AESTHETIC

The Philosopher is concerned with the analysis of _________ experience and the idea of what is beautiful.

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

The process by which a person undergoes a reflective state or evaluates his or her experiences first before making any related

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

a reflective state or evaluates his or her experiences first before making any related action.

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

The use of this is important as it enables thought to be investigated using a deeper, holistic perspective.

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION

A big part of living is spent pondering many questions

Reality

is unarguably seen and felt by the human senses

Belief

is a byproduct or a manifestation of any reality.

Perspective

It is what makes fact as possibly an opinion or opinion as potentially a fact.

Descriptive statements

These statements simply narrates what happens.

Normative statements

These statements evaluate the events according to the perspective of people, a certain culture and laws

PHILOSOPHIZING

To think or express oneself in a philosophical manner

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHY

A systematic way that helps in learning the process of doing philosophy

PHENOMENOLOGY: On Consciousness

Focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena and appearances, defined as an object of conscious experience, that is, that which we are conscious of

Edmund Husserl

Who is the founder of Phenomenology?

PHENOMENOLOGY: On Consciousness

Study of phenomenon

PHENOMENOLOGY: On Consciousness

Brings varied perceptions over a thing to a common end that certain things no matter how different the perspective of people towards it due to their experiences would receive justification to its being.

PHENOMENOLOGY: On Consciousness

The reality of a person is based on his consciousness

EXISTENTIALISM: On Freedom

The truth might not be based on ones attitude or outlook

EXISTENTIALISM: On Freedom

a philosophical view that assert the individuality of any human person making him free to make choices of what he is and what he can become.

“Freedom is the identity of man.”

Quote of JeanPaul Sartre

EXISTENTIALISM: On Freedom

It teaches one enjoy freedom but with due responsibility on what is wrong and is right. Through this method, you can discover more sets of truth without any limitations.

POSTMODERNISM: On Culture

Has come into vogue as the name for a rather diffuse family of ideas and trends that in significant respects rejects, challenges, or aims to supersede “modernity”

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

states that, “assumption of truth only becomes true after it shall have gone through validation, experimentation or any scientific approach for that matter.

ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

teaches you that it’s not how you see things and how you perceive them, but how they are processed through rigorous and valid methods. Hence, exact truth is seen in the lens of due scientific process.

LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING: Tools in Reasoning

Serves as paths to freedom from half truths and deceptions.

Inductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

2 TYPES OF REASONING

Critical thinking

This helps us uncover bias and prejudice and open to new ideas not necessarily in agreement with previous thought

Deductive

Investigation

Inductive

Observation

LOGIC

In simple words, is the art and science of correct thinking.

 

LOGIC

“The study of truths based completely on the meanings of the terms they contain.”

its proposition, or statement.

 The foundation of a logical argument is?

 

 Premises

These are the propositions used to build the argument.

STEP 1

Give an initial definition of a thing or concept

STEP 2

Look for characteristics not captured in the initial definition

STEP 3

Give a new definition

STEP 4

Repeat the process by looking into its “essence” or “purpose”.

SOCRATIC METHOD OF IDENTIFYING TRUTH

Ad hominem

Attacking the person presenting the argument instead of the argument itself.

“These soldiers who fought in the war are all bloodthirsty murderers!”

Appeal to force

Using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance the argument

“If the peace agreement will not be signed by the government, then we will have no recourse but to go to war”

Appeal to the popular

The idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it

“Marriage should be between a man and a woman. It has been so for a long time in this country; it should remain so today and, in the future,”

Appeal to emotion

Using emotions such as pity or sympathy

“All these charges are baseless; this is just plain harassment – can’t you see how this affecting my family”

Fallacy of Division

Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts

“You come from a family of doctors and intellectuals! Surely you can do better in this course”

Begging the question

Assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as “circular argument”

“I have a right to free speech; therefore, you cannot stop me from talking”

Cause and Effect

Assuming a “cause and effect” relationship between unrelated events.

“Ever since you bought that sweater, everything has been going wrong in your life. You should get rid of it”.

Fallacy of Composition

Assuming that what is true of a part is true for the whole

“These cases of robbery in this district have convinced me that the city has become a den of thieves and criminals”

Correspondence bias or attribution effect

Tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her actions, without regard for external factor or influences.

Confirmation bias

Tendency to look for and readily accept information which fits one’s own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or views that go against it.

Framing

Focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects