Biology Exam 1

which organ helps regulate blood sugar but also aids in digestion?

pancreas

what protects the digestive system lining from damage due to acid?

mucus

the longest part of the digestive system is the

small intestine

how many deciduous teeth does the average person have?

20

which of the following is not absorbed into the blood supply of the digestive system after digestion?

oils

what is the role of the colon

absorb water and form stool

what part of the digestive system does the appendix attach to?

colon

a ___ muscle is one that is circular and opens and closes the diameter of a tube

sphincter

what is the name of the muscular movement that pushes food through the digestive tract?

peristalsis

what organ produces hydrochloric acid?

stomach

plasma membrane

controls what enters and exits the cell

golgi apparatus

modification and packaging of proteins and lipids

flagella

provides cell motility

peroxisome

detoxify compounds and breakdown fatty acids

mitochondria

ATP synthesis

what is A

plasma membrane

what is B

vesicle

what is C

mitochondrion

what is D

nucleus

what is E

ribosome

what is the order of how we receive energy?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jujenum, ileum), colon/large intestine (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum

what is there in the small intestine?

digestion, absorption

what is villi and why is it important?

lines small intestine, creates larger surface area which means more nutrients

what is the main job of the small intestine?

absorption

true or false: the oral cavity IS  a digestive organ

true

are teeth mechanical or chemical

mechanical

where does the esophagus start and end?

starts at the pharynx, ends at the diaphragm

what are the layers of the teeth

enamel, dentin, pulp cavity

chemical digestion

enzymes used to chemically change intake

mechanical digestion

chewing, breaking physically, no chemical changes to the food

whats an example of an accessory organ

liver

vitamin D

found in milk, we make vitamin D

vitamin K

produced by bacteria in colon and green leafy vegetables

B9 (folic acid)

important for cell production. adequate intake = decrease in spinal cord issues

B12

available in animal products or other outside source

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

citrus are good source. deficiency causes scurvy

what are essential minerals

NA, Cl, F, I, fe

what’s the major element in protein

CHON

how many amino acids are there? how many are essential?

20, but 8 are essential

which vitamins are fat soluble

ADEK, can be stored

which vitamins are water-soluble

BPCN, not stored

saturated fat

max number of hydrgens possible

unsaturated fats

liquid at room temperature

lysosome

breaks down cellular waste

cilia

propels cells

ribosome

synthesis protein

prokaryotic cells

simple, smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic cells

complex, larger, membrane bound organelles

smallest to largest

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, individual

scientific method

systematic logical approach to gathering information and reaching conclusions