Innovation and Emerging Technologies Lecture Review

Flashcards covering key definitions and concepts from the Innovation and Emerging Technologies lecture, including Case Studies on Polymer Bank Notes and AI, as well as design processes and ethical factors.

Innovation

The successful implementation of creative new ideas to create practical, valuable solutions, often involving changes or improvements to existing product design and manufacturing processes.

Emerging Technologies

New, rapidly evolving technologies in the early stages of development or adoption that have the potential to create significant impact on the economy, society, and everyday life.

Polymer Bank Notes

An Australian innovation introduced in 1988 by the CSIRO and the Reserve Bank of Australia to solve issues with counterfeit notes, durability, and quality.

CSIRO

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, which collaborated with the Reserve Bank of Australia to create polymer bank notes.

Plastic Phenomenon

A trend throughout the 1960s and 1970s where plastics became integrated into everyday life, influencing the development of polymer banknotes in 1968.

Optical Features

Advanced printing technology using microscopic lenses or mirrors that create color shifts and display different colors at various lighting angles.

Microprinting

A security technique used in polymer notes making them unable to be replicated on standard laser or ink printers.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

An emerging technology that performs tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as collecting data, recognizing patterns, and solving problems.

Alan Turing

The individual who originally introduced the concept of AI in 1950 by posing the question, 'Can machines think?'

Iterative Process

A design method where feedback is used to improve and modify an outcome or product through cycles of refinement.

Concurrent Engineering

A practice in design processes where multiple steps occur at the same time to improve efficiency.

Entrepreneur

A person who sets up and manages new commercial enterprises to make a profit, focusing on market demand, capital, and execution.

Market Pull

When the marketplace encourages companies to produce items specifically demanded by consumers.

Technology Push

When the development of new technologies enables the production and introduction of new products to the market.

GPS (Global Positioning System)

A technology using satellites to pinpoint device positions, facilitating the development of products like the iPhone, smart watches, and navigation apps.

ACCC

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, which protects consumer rights and promotes fair trading and product safety.

IP Australia

The agency responsible for administering intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, and registered designs.

Patent

A legal right granted to protect an invention, giving the owner the exclusive legal right to promote the product for commercial gain.

Copyright

A legal right granted to creators to exclusively reproduce, distribute, or adapt their original works.

EPA

The Environmental Protection Agency, which requires industries to preserve and protect environment and habitats through regulations.

Global Warming

The increase of greenhouse gases such as water vapor, methane ($CH_4$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in the Earth's atmosphere.

Sustainability

The practice of ensuring there is sufficient material and access to resources for future generations by prioritizing responsible resource selection.

Parameters of Design

The boundaries or constraints such as time, cost, materials, and dimensions that guide the design process and ensure a product is functional and safe.

Ethical Issues

Considerations based on personal values, customs, or beliefs regarding right or wrong, influencing a designer's accountability for their production methods.